TABLE 2—
Effect of Receiving or Being Denied a Wanted Abortion on Public Assistance, Health Insurance, and Household Structure Over 5 Years, With Control for Baseline Study Group Differences: United States, 2008–2016
| Characteristic | Near Limit (Ref) | First Trimester | Turnaway–Birth | Turnaway–No Birth | Months | First Trimester × Month | Turnaway–Birth × Month | Turnaway–No Birth × Month |
| Public assistance and health insurance, AOR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Receipt of WIC,a | 1 | 1.23 (0.53, 2.85) | 47.86 (21.04, 108.91) | 2.16 (0.48, 9.83) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) |
| Receipt of TANF | 1 | 0.56 (0.23, 1.37) | 6.26 (2.63, 14.88) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.48) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 1.01 (0.995, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.06 (1.001, 1.13) |
| Receipt of food stamps | 1 | 0.77 (0.46, 1.26) | 2.54 (1.45, 4.44) | 0.92 (0.34, 2.46) | 1.01 (1.002, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
| Health insurance | 1 | 0.87 (0.56, 1.36) | 2.54 (1.48, 4.36) | 1.55 (0.64, 3.73) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.995, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) |
| Household structure | ||||||||
| Resides with family, AOR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.69 (0.39, 1.23) | 1.96 (1.01, 3.82) | 0.74 (0.24, 2.28) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 1.01 (0.999, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) |
| Resides with a male partner, AOR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.88 (0.48, 1.62) | 1.05 (0.51, 2.16) | 1.50 (0.47, 4.82) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) |
| Resides without adult family or male partner, AOR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.45 (0.84, 2.49) | 0.55 (0.29, 1.06) | 1.26 (0.45, 3.49) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.995) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) |
| No. of people in the household, Β (95%CI) | 0 | −0.11 (–0.29, 0.08) | 1.00 (0.78, 1.22) | −0.34 (–0.70, 0.02) | 0.001 (–0.001, 0.004) | 0.00 (–0.003, 0.01) | −0.01 (–0.02, −0.01) | 0.01 (–0.003, 0.02) |
| Employment, AOR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Full time | 1 | 1.01 (0.62, 1.66) | 0.37 (0.20, 0.68) | 0.98 (0.38, 2.51) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.001) | 1.01 (0.997, 1.02) | 1.02 (1.001, 1.04) |
| Part time | 1 | 1.27 (0.84, 1.92) | 0.71 (0.43, 1.17) | 1.87 (0.85, 4.07) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.996) | 1.01 (0.996, 1.02) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.003) |
| Not working | 1 | 0.78 (0.49, 1.25) | 3.06 (1.78, 5.25) | 0.51 (0.20, 1.33) | 0.99 (0.99, 0.998) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) |
| Income and poverty | ||||||||
| Personal income, Β (95% CI) | 0 | 104.51 (–38.11, 247.14) | −175.08 (–342.03, −8.12) | −54.22 (–325.16, 216.73) | 9.88 (7.13, 12.63) | −2.18 (–6.62, 2.27) | 2.44 (–2.88, 7.75) | 6.79 (–2.08, 15.67) |
| Household income,b Β (95% CI) | 0 | 148.81 (–131.28, 428.90) | −91.63 (–435.17, 251.91) | −240.05 (–795.96, 315.86) | 16.08 (10.65, 21.51) | 0.73 (–7.93, 9.40) | −3.19 (–13.83, 7.45) | 19.1 (1.35, 36.86) |
| Below the FPL,b AOR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.85 (0.50, 1.45) | 3.77 (1.96, 7.25) | 1.10 (0.38, 3.20) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.997, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) |
| Percentage of FPL,b Β (95%CI) | 0 | 0.13 (–0.05, 0.32) | −0.34 (–0.57, −0.12) | −0.05 (–0.41, 0.31) | 0.00 (0.0001, 0.01) | 0.00 (–0.01, 0.002) | 0.00 (–0.005, 0.01) | 0.01 (–0.001, 0.02) |
| Subjective poverty, AOR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.71 (0.46, 1.12) | 1.54 (0.88, 2.68) | 2.27 (0.91, 5.64) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 1.01 (0.998, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.94, 0.999) |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; FPL = federal poverty level15; TANF = Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. n = 813 women, 6373 observations except WIC (n = 812 women and 2273 observations) and household income and poverty measures (n = 762 women and 4980 observations). All models were adjusted for baseline age, parity, household structure, and the baseline value of the dependent variable. Study group coefficients and AORs indicate the difference 4.4 months after receipt or denial of abortion services. For consistency with the 6-mo increments of our interviews and of the predicted values, we report these as occurring at 6 months in the text of the article. Months refers to the change over time for near limits. Study Group × Month shows how change for that group differs from that of near limits. Estimates presented are AORs for binary outcomes and Βs for continuous outcomes.
Model for receipt of assistance from the WIC program is limited to the first 2 years of the study because of rapidly declining participation over time.
Baseline value is FPL coded as a 3-part categorical variable (below 100% FPL, at or above 100% FPL, missing FPL).