Fig. 3.

Gray zone of the variations in velocity time integral (%) and peak velocity of aortic blood flow (%) induced by a 12-sec end-expiratory occlusion maneuver to predict fluid responsiveness. The blue curve indicates sensitivity, and the red curve indicates specificity. ∆VTI-EEO, changes in velocity time integral (%) induced by end-expiratory occlusion test. ∆Vmax, changes in peak velocity induced by end-expiratory occlusion. Responders, change in cardiac output ≥15% after volume expansion; non-responders, change in cardiac output <15% after volume expansion. Volume expansion, 500 mL saline 0.9% given over 15 minutes