Table 7.
Association between nutrient supplementation and antibody levels in 18 months old children
| Outcome | Antibody levels by study group, median (IQR) | LNS and IFA | LNS and MMN | MMN and IFA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFAa | MMNb | LNSc | P valued | Coeff (95% CI) | P valuee | Coeff (95% CI) | P valuee | Coeff (95% CI) | P valuee | |
| Number of participants | N = 145 | N = 140 | N = 147 | |||||||
| MSP-1 19kDf | 2.59 (0.83, 6.09) | 2.95 (0.75, 6.37) | 2.64 (1.00, 6.59) | 0.877 | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 0.603 | 1.02 (0.70, 1.49) | 0.909 | 1.09 (0.75, 1.58) | 0.663 |
| Adjusted modelg | 1.04 (0.86, 1.26) | 0.681 | 0.97 (0.65, 1.42) | 0.857 | 1.07 (0.72, 1.58) | 0.745 | ||||
| MSP-2h | 3.10 (0.97, 9.81) | 2.74 (0.64, 8.57) | 3.21 (1.38, 9.05) | 0.334 | 1.01 (0.83, 1.22) | 0.938 | 1.12 (0.77, 1.64) | 0.548 | 0.92 (0.61, 1.38) | 0.683 |
| Adjusted modelg | 0.99 (0.82, 1.22) | 0.984 | 1.17 (0.79, 1.74) | 0.434 | 0.86 (0.56, 1.31) | 0.477 | ||||
| EBA-175i | 4.06 (2.32, 19.29) | 3.39 (1.88, 20.11) | 3.62 (2.29, 18.47) | 0.425 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 0.427 | 0.99 (0.07, 1.38) | 0.973 | 0.89 (0.64, 1.24) | 0.489 |
| Adjusted modelg | 0.90 (0.77, 1.06) | 0.217 | 0.98 (0.70, 1.36) | 0.894 | 0.84 (0.60, 1.17) | 0.294 | ||||
| Rh2A9j | 8.96 (4.66,13.50) | 8.38 (4.77, 14.46) | 8.76 (4.86,15.17) | 0.952 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 0.723 | 1.02 (0.85, 1.22) | 0.848 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.24) | 0.869 |
| Adjusted modelg | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 0.566 | 1.03 (0.84, 1.25) | 0.790 | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | 0.679 | ||||
| Schizont extract | 3.13 (1.69, 6.19) | 3.94 (1.40, 8.18) | 2.96 (1.28, 6.35) | 0.407 | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 0.433 | 0.79 (0.56, 1.12) | 0.185 | 1.10 (0.80, 1.49) | 0.564 |
| Adjusted modelg | 0.91 (0.78, 1.09) | 0.332 | 0.78 (0.54, 1.12) | 0.179 | 1.10 (0.80, 1.51) | 0.559 | ||||
| VSAk of E8B parasite line | 0.00 (0.00, 0.27) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.25) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.12) | 0.043 | 0.82 (0.60, 1.11) | 0.189 | 0.62 (0.35, 1.10) | 0.099 | 0.99 (0.60, 1.61) | 0.953 |
| Adjusted modelg | 0.83 (0.61, 1.14) | 0.250 | 0.61 (0.34, 1.11) | 0.102 | 0.95 (0.60, 1.51) | 0.818 | ||||
| VSA of R29 parasite line | 0.00 (0.00, 0.07) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.24) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.004) | 0.223 | 0.86 (0.58, 1.29) | 0.469 | 0.89 (0.39, 1.98) | 0.756 | 0.85 (0.39, 1.84) | 0.671 |
| Adjusted modelg | 0.82 (0.53, 1.28) | 0.382 | 0.73 (0.32, 1.70) | 0.465 | 0.95 (0.43, 2.06) | 0.889 | ||||
| VSA of 3D7 parasite line | 0.002 (0.00, 0.39) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.24) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.28) | 0.150 | 1.05 (0.78, 1.43) | 0.731 | 1.18 (0.64, 2.19) | 0.592 | 0.98 (0.56, 1.71) | 0.930 |
| Adjustedg | 1.14 (0.82, 1.59) | 0.441 | 1.11 (0.55, 2.25) | 0.765 | 0.94 (0.50, 1.75) | 0.834 | ||||
aIron and folic acid
bMultiple micronutrients
clipid based nutrient supplements
d P value calculated using Kruskal–Wallis test
e P value calculated using linear regression of antibody levels between supplementation groups reporting coefficient and 95% Confidence intervals (CI)
fMerozoite surface protein 1
gP value calculated using multivariate regression adjusting for maternal BMI at enrolment, duration of gestation (from enrolment to delivery), number of pregnancies, sex of the child, maternal education, socioeconomic status, study site, maternal anaemic status at enrolment, maternal HIV status and bed net use by children
hMerozoite surface protein 2
iErythrocyte binding antigen 175
jReticulocyte binding protein homologue 2A
kVariant surface antigens
Significant P values <0.05 are indicated in italics