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. 2016 Mar 16;62(3):227–235. doi: 10.1093/cz/zow014

Appendix 1.

Generalized Least Square Models evaluating morphological traits (body length = BL, tail length = TL, body depth = BD, tail muscle depth = MD, tail fin depth = TD, and total tadpole length = TTL) on swimming performance of tadpoles from 2 predator treatments (SP = swimming from tadpoles exposed to predator, SNP = swimming from tadpoles non-exposed to predators)

Treatment Model Intercept BD BL MD TD TL TTL R2 LL AICc Δi Wi
SP VEL ∼ TD 0.202 −0.033 0.029 39.688 −72.454 0.000 0.082
SP VEL ∼ TL 0.273 −0.044 0.025 39.623 −72.322 0.132 0.077
SP VEL ∼ TTL 0.147 −0.003 0.019 39.526 −72.128 0.326 0.070
SP VEL ∼ BD 0.207 −0.039 0.012 39.421 −71.920 0.534 0.063
SP VEL ∼ BL + TL 0.452 0.259 −0.302 0.093 40.707 −71.814 0.640 0.060
SP VEL ∼ BL 0.196 −0.022 0.007 39.343 −71.763 0.691 0.058
SP VEL ∼ MD 0.152 −0.003 0.000 39.245 −71.566 0.888 0.053
SP VEL ∼ BL+ TD 0.063 0.131 −0.120 0.066 40.270 −70.940 1.514 0.038
SP VEL ∼ TD + MD 0.229 −0.022 −0.042 0.039 39.835 −70.070 2.384 0.025
SP VEL ∼ BD +TD 0.236 −0.027 −0.030 0.035 39.773 −69.946 2.508 0.023
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD −0.193 0.284 −0.167 −0.008 0.120 41.162 −69.825 2.629 0.022
SP VEL ∼ TTL + TD 0.192 −0.027 −0.001 0.030 39.706 −69.812 2.642 0.022
SP VEL ∼ TD + TL 0.187 −0.039 0.009 0.029 39.690 −69.780 2.674 0.022
SP VEL ∼ BD + TL 0.290 −0.023 −0.038 0.029 39.681 −69.762 2.692 0.021
SP VEL ∼ MD + TL 0.293 −0.012 −0.048 0.028 39.673 −69.747 2.707 0.021
SP VEL ∼ TTL + TL 0.257 −0.039 0.000 0.025 39.626 −69.651 2.802 0.020
SP VEL ∼ BD + MD 0.246 −0.079 0.031 0.022 39.574 −69.548 2.906 0.019
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL 0.100 0.021 −0.004 0.021 39.560 −69.520 2.934 0.019
SP VEL ∼ TTL + MD 0.142 0.007 −0.003 0.020 39.541 −69.482 2.972 0.019
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD 0.155 −0.006 −0.002 0.019 39.527 −69.455 2.999 0.018
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL 0.227 −0.033 −0.014 0.014 39.457 −69.314 3.140 0.017
SP VEL ∼ BL + TD + TL 0.332 0.270 −0.058 −0.235 0.103 40.866 −69.233 3.221 0.016
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL+ TL 0.481 −0.032 0.266 −0.301 0.100 40.826 −69.152 3.302 0.016
SP VEL ∼ BD +TD + MD 0.065 0.181 −0.045 −0.171 0.099 40.813 −69.125 3.328 0.016
SP VEL ∼ BL+ MD 0.206 −0.025 −0.008 0.008 39.363 −69.125 3.329 0.016
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TL 0.398 0.266 −0.289 −0.002 0.096 40.751 −69.002 3.452 0.015
SP VEL ∼ BL + MD + TL 0.467 0.257 −0.010 −0.304 0.095 40.744 −68.988 3.466 0.015
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL+ TD 0.098 −0.059 0.169 −0.138 0.089 40.635 −68.770 3.684 0.013
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + MD −0.435 0.236 0.112 −0.020 0.060 40.168 −67.835 4.618 0.008
SP VEL ∼ TTL + TD + MD 0.342 −0.065 −0.094 0.005 0.050 40.004 −67.508 4.946 0.007
SP VEL ∼ TTL + MD + TL 0.852 −0.091 −0.226 0.013 0.044 39.914 −67.329 5.125 0.006
SP VEL ∼ TD + MD + TL 0.129 −0.031 −0.086 0.062 0.043 39.901 −67.302 5.152 0.006
SP VEL ∼ BD +TD + MD 0.194 0.063 −0.060 −0.065 0.042 39.884 −67.267 5.186 0.006
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD 0.288 −0.051 −0.040 0.002 0.037 39.804 −67.109 5.345 0.006
SP VEL ∼ BD + TD + TL 0.180 −0.033 −0.053 0.036 0.036 39.797 −67.095 5.359 0.006
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TL 0.524 −0.080 −0.090 0.006 0.036 39.785 −67.070 5.384 0.006
SP VEL ∼ TTL + TD + TL 0.019 −0.070 0.085 −0.003 0.034 39.764 −67.028 5.426 0.005
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TD −0.388 0.066 0.335 −0.176 −0.013 0.128 41.298 −66.944 5.510 0.005
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD + MD −0.389 0.347 0.048 −0.150 −0.015 0.126 41.264 −66.875 5.579 0.005
SP VEL ∼ BD + MD + TL 0.291 −0.020 −0.002 −0.040 0.029 39.681 −66.862 5.592 0.005
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD + TL −0.022 0.313 −0.130 −0.103 −0.007 0.125 41.241 −66.829 5.625 0.005
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL+ MD 0.237 −0.119 0.026 0.053 0.025 39.619 −66.738 5.716 0.005
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + MD 0.210 −0.053 0.024 −0.001 0.023 39.595 −66.689 5.765 0.005
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL 0.043 0.021 0.033 −0.005 0.022 39.573 −66.646 5.808 0.004
SP VEL ∼ BL + TD + MD + TL 0.271 0.275 −0.033 −0.110 −0.181 0.119 41.136 −66.620 5.834 0.004
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL + TD + TL 0.330 −0.047 0.286 −0.079 −0.210 0.117 41.104 −66.555 5.899 0.004
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL + MD + TL 0.482 −0.093 0.287 0.037 −0.294 0.105 40.913 −66.173 6.281 0.004
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL + TD + MD 0.027 0.069 0.182 −0.086 −0.196 0.103 40.875 −66.097 6.356 0.003
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TL 0.611 −0.065 0.260 −0.325 0.003 0.102 40.862 −66.072 6.382 0.003
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + MD + TL 0.355 0.272 0.007 −0.280 −0.003 0.096 40.752 −65.852 6.601 0.003
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + MD −0.386 −0.105 0.272 0.162 −0.019 0.073 40.379 −65.106 7.348 0.002
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD + MD 0.308 0.072 −0.109 −0.122 0.006 0.053 40.067 −64.481 7.973 0.002
SP VEL ∼ TTL + TD + MD + TL 0.613 −0.090 −0.068 −0.104 0.010 0.052 40.048 −64.443 8.010 0.001
SP VEL ∼ BD + TD + MD + TL 0.034 0.097 −0.091 −0.139 0.089 0.050 40.004 −64.355 8.098 0.001
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + MD + TL 0.879 −0.037 −0.076 −0.219 0.014 0.046 39.942 −64.232 8.222 0.001
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD + TL 0.317 −0.054 −0.036 −0.011 0.002 0.037 39.805 −63.957 8.496 0.001
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TD + MD −0.408 0.054 0.344 0.014 −0.170 −0.014 0.128 41.302 −63.512 8.941 0.001
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TD + TL −0.384 0.066 0.335 −0.176 −0.002 −0.013 0.128 41.298 −63.505 8.948 0.001
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD + MD + TL −0.260 0.344 0.035 −0.137 −0.047 −0.012 0.127 41.273 −63.456 8.998 0.001
SP VEL ∼ BD + BL +TD + MD + TL 0.266 0.005 0.274 −0.036 −0.112 −0.179 0.119 41.136 −63.182 9.272 0.001
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + MD + TL 0.366 −0.093 0.302 0.055 −0.269 −0.003 0.106 40.922 −62.752 9.701 0.001
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD + MD + TL 0.452 0.055 −0.111 −0.102 −0.052 0.008 0.054 40.075 −61.058 11.396 0.000
SP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL +TD + MD + TL −0.418 0.055 0.344 0.014 −0.171 0.004 −0.014 0.128 41.302 −59.746 12.708 0.000
SNP VEL ∼ BD 0.105 0.023 28.946 −50.969 0.000 0.082
SNP VEL ∼ BL −0.076 0.105 0.020 28.901 −50.878 0.091 0.078
SNP VEL ∼ TTL 0.161 0.003 0.009 28.743 −50.563 0.406 0.067
SNP VEL ∼ MD 0.142 0.037 0.006 28.700 −50.477 0.492 0.064
SNP VEL ∼ TD 0.126 0.025 0.001 28.624 −50.325 0.644 0.059
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + TL 1.718 −0.551 0.027 0.086 29.950 −50.299 0.670 0.059
SNP VEL ∼ TL 0.178 −0.005 0.000 28.604 −50.286 0.684 0.058
SNP VEL ∼ MD + TL 1.194 0.297 −0.419 0.055 29.455 −49.310 1.660 0.036
SNP VEL ∼ BL + TL 0.115 0.267 −0.195 0.052 29.400 −49.199 1.770 0.034
SNP VEL ∼ BD + TL 0.214 0.169 −0.105 0.037 29.173 −48.746 2.224 0.027
SNP VEL ∼ BL+ TD −0.147 0.235 −0.143 0.036 29.152 −48.703 2.266 0.026
SNP VEL ∼ BD +TD 0.048 0.168 −0.086 0.031 29.080 −48.561 2.409 0.025
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL −0.317 0.213 −0.005 0.024 28.974 −48.348 2.621 0.022
SNP VEL ∼ BL+ MD −0.224 0.185 −0.058 0.024 28.973 −48.346 2.623 0.022
SNP VEL ∼ BD + MD −0.014 0.127 −0.021 0.024 28.963 −48.325 2.644 0.022
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD −0.013 0.119 −0.001 0.023 28.951 −48.303 2.667 0.022
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL −0.018 0.086 0.023 0.023 28.949 −48.298 2.671 0.022
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + TD 0.394 −0.152 0.010 0.020 28.912 −48.224 2.745 0.021
SNP VEL ∼ TD + MD 0.295 0.116 −0.126 0.013 28.801 −48.003 2.966 0.019
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + MD 0.203 −0.082 0.009 0.011 28.777 −47.954 3.015 0.018
SNP VEL ∼ TD + TL 0.382 0.175 −0.171 0.011 28.774 −47.948 3.021 0.018
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + TD + TL 1.754 0.074 −0.603 0.026 0.088 29.981 −47.462 3.507 0.014
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + MD + TL 1.746 0.064 −0.573 0.024 0.087 29.970 −47.440 3.529 0.014
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TL 1.616 0.031 −0.531 0.025 0.087 29.964 −47.427 3.542 0.014
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TL 1.832 −0.030 −0.568 0.029 0.086 29.953 −47.406 3.563 0.014
SNP VEL ∼ BL + MD + TL 0.829 0.169 0.202 −0.406 0.070 29.695 −46.889 4.080 0.011
SNP VEL ∼ BD + MD + TL 1.002 0.096 0.235 −0.389 0.065 29.609 −46.717 4.252 0.010
SNP VEL ∼ TD + MD + TL 1.207 0.284 0.047 −0.446 0.056 29.466 −46.433 4.536 0.008
SNP VEL ∼ BL + TD + TL 0.157 0.258 0.034 −0.221 0.052 29.405 −46.311 4.658 0.008
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL+ TL 0.118 0.008 0.259 −0.193 0.052 29.400 −46.300 4.669 0.008
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD 0.238 0.139 −0.183 0.006 0.039 29.195 −45.889 5.080 0.006
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL+ TD −0.097 0.071 0.164 −0.138 0.038 29.184 −45.868 5.101 0.006
SNP VEL ∼ BD + TD + TL 0.261 0.159 0.042 −0.139 0.038 29.181 −45.862 5.108 0.006
SNP VEL ∼ BD +TD + MD −0.075 0.217 0.035 −0.175 0.037 29.165 −45.830 5.139 0.006
SNP VEL ∼ BD +TD + MD 0.173 0.153 0.081 −0.181 0.037 29.165 −45.830 5.139 0.006
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD −0.087 0.217 −0.156 0.001 0.036 29.155 −45.810 5.159 0.006
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL+ MD −0.158 0.066 0.111 −0.050 0.026 29.000 −45.500 5.469 0.005
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL −0.234 0.053 0.142 −0.004 0.025 28.989 −45.479 5.490 0.005
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + MD 0.027 0.117 −0.074 0.004 0.025 28.979 −45.458 5.511 0.005
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + MD −0.285 0.205 −0.030 −0.003 0.025 28.978 −45.457 5.513 0.005
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + TD + MD 0.394 −0.015 −0.147 0.010 0.020 28.913 −45.326 5.643 0.005
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TL 2.070 0.107 −0.182 −0.586 0.032 0.090 30.020 −44.387 6.582 0.003
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD + TL 2.039 −0.072 0.096 −0.660 0.030 0.089 29.999 −44.347 6.623 0.003
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + TD + MD + TL 1.768 0.046 0.062 −0.610 0.024 0.088 29.991 −44.329 6.640 0.003
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD + TL 1.700 0.015 0.064 −0.587 0.025 0.088 29.984 −44.315 6.654 0.003
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + MD + TL 1.650 0.029 0.061 −0.553 0.022 0.088 29.982 −44.312 6.657 0.003
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + MD + TL 1.825 −0.021 0.062 −0.583 0.025 0.087 29.972 −44.291 6.678 0.003
SNP VEL ∼ BL + TD + MD + TL 0.822 0.171 0.203 −0.009 −0.401 0.070 29.695 −43.738 7.232 0.002
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL + MD + TL 0.830 0.004 0.165 0.201 −0.406 0.070 29.695 −43.737 7.232 0.002
SNP VEL ∼ BD + TD + MD + TL 0.993 0.099 0.236 −0.014 −0.380 0.065 29.610 −43.567 7.402 0.002
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL + TD + TL 0.157 0.000 0.258 0.034 −0.221 0.052 29.405 −43.159 7.810 0.002
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL + TD + MD 0.019 0.086 0.122 0.051 −0.184 0.040 29.211 −42.769 8.200 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TD 0.098 0.100 0.083 −0.176 0.004 0.039 29.208 −42.763 8.206 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD + MD 0.237 0.140 0.013 −0.188 0.006 0.039 29.195 −42.739 8.230 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD + MD −0.121 0.232 0.056 −0.174 −0.002 0.037 29.168 −42.684 8.286 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + MD −0.162 0.065 0.113 −0.049 0.000 0.026 29.000 −42.348 8.621 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TD + TL 2.204 0.093 −0.196 0.077 −0.657 0.033 0.092 30.048 −−41.005 9.964 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + MD + TL 2.048 0.099 −0.166 0.034 −0.594 0.030 0.090 30.025 −40.960 10.010 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BL + TD + MD + TL 2.012 −0.062 0.031 0.085 −0.657 0.028 0.089 30.004 −40.916 10.053 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + TD + MD + TL 1.709 0.017 0.047 0.051 −0.593 0.023 0.089 29.994 −40.897 10.072 0.001
SNP VEL ∼ BD + BL +TD + MD + TL 0.823 0.006 0.165 0.203 −0.011 −0.399 0.070 29.695 −40.299 10.670 0.000
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL + TD + MD 0.066 0.094 0.101 0.035 −0.186 0.002 0.040 29.212 −39.334 11.635 0.000
SNP VEL ∼ TTL + BD + BL +TD + MD + TL 2.192 0.092 −0.191 0.010 0.073 −0.657 0.032 0.092 30.049 −37.240 13.729 0.000