Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors associated with overall survival of patients with resected pancreatic head carcinoma in the primary cohort
| Variables | Overall survival
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients (N = 3458) | Univariate (P-value) | Multivariate (P-value) | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.331 (1.223–1.448) | |
| <70 | 2056 | |||
| ≥70 | 1402 | |||
| Gender | 0.088 | |||
| Male | 1760 | |||
| Female | 1698 | |||
| Grade | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.356 (1.269–1.450) | |
| Well differentiation | 368 | |||
| Moderate differentiation | 1776 | |||
| Poor differentiation | 1314 | |||
| Liver metastasis | <0.001 | 0.097 | 1.387 (0.943–2.042) | |
| Yes | 68 | |||
| No | 3390 | |||
| Lung metastasis | 0.001 | 0.701 | 1.111 (0.650–1.900) | |
| Yes | 21 | |||
| No | 3437 | |||
| LNR | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.563 (1.376–1.776) | |
| ≤0.092 | 1565 | |||
| >0.092 | 1893 | |||
| T classification | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.152 (1.086–1.222) | |
| T1 | 515 | |||
| T2 | 1795 | |||
| T3 | 545 | |||
| T4 | 603 | |||
| N classification | <0.001 | 0.545 | 1.037 (0.922–1.166) | |
| N0 | 988 | |||
| N1 | 1457 | |||
| N2 | 1013 | |||
| M classification | <0.001 | 0.097 | 1.343 (0.948–1.902) | |
| M0 | 3317 | |||
| M1 | 141 | |||
| TNM staging system | <0.001 | 0.396 | 1.052 (0.935–1.184) | |
| I | 717 | |||
| II | 1243 | |||
| III | 1357 | |||
| IV | 141 | |||
| Regional lymph nodes surgery | 0.891 | |||
| None | 59 | |||
| 1–3 | 122 | |||
| ≥4 | 3277 | |||
| Surgery | 0.134 | |||
| PPPD | 369 | |||
| Whipple | 2430 | |||
| Total pancreatectomy | 453 | |||
| Extended PD | 206 | |||
Abbreviations: LNR, lymph node ratio; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy; PPPD, pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy; TNM; tumor, node, metastasis.