Table 2.
Key messages
| • Overdiagnosis is the diagnosis of a condition that is not associated with a substantial health hazard; it causes overtreatment. |
| • Screening is a major cause of overdiagnosis. |
| • Patients and physicians should be informed about risk of overdiagnosis associated with screening. Targeted screening, active surveillance, and prognosis estimation allow prevention of overdiagnosis and of overtreatment. |
| • Research is needed to assess the public health burden of overdiagnosis due to screening activity. |