Table 5.
Newborn coverage indicators, by survey and early breastfeeding status. The differences in coverage between those with early breastfeeding and those without was meta–analyzed for the pooled difference across surveys
| Among those breastfed in first hour | Among those not breastfed in first hour | Difference (BF – not BF) | 95% Confidence interval (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Description |
Survey |
Estimate (%) |
Estimate (%) |
Estimate (%) |
Lower |
Upper |
|
Bathed after 24 h |
Malawi 2014 |
21.6 |
23.1 |
–1.5 |
–12.8 |
9.9 |
| Nigeria 2013 |
4.9 |
3.2 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
2.9 |
|
| Bangladesh 2007 |
43.3 |
36.4 |
6.9 |
1.3 |
12.5 |
|
| Bangladesh 2011 |
61.5 |
52.0 |
9.5 |
4.7 |
14.3 |
|
| Bangladesh 2014 |
66.7 |
59.0 |
7.8 |
1.3 |
14.3 |
|
| Nepal 2006 |
12.2 |
10.6 |
1.6 |
–2.0 |
5.3 |
|
| Nepal 2011 |
36.2 |
24.8 |
11.3 |
3.9 |
18.8 |
|
| Timor–Leste 2009 |
4.6 |
6.3 |
–1.7 |
–4.0 |
0.6 |
|
|
Pooled |
4.0 |
1.1 |
6.9 |
|||
|
Dried |
Malawi 2014 |
85.9 |
79.2 |
6.7 |
–3.0 |
16.4 |
| Nigeria 2013* |
30.3 |
26.7 |
3.6 |
0.1 |
7.1 |
|
| Bangladesh 2007 |
5.2 |
7.4 |
–2.2 |
–4.6 |
0.1 |
|
| Bangladesh 2011 |
55.0 |
48.9 |
6.2 |
1.3 |
11.1 |
|
| Bangladesh 2014 |
69.5 |
61.8 |
7.7 |
2.4 |
13.0 |
|
| Nepal 2006* |
49.5 |
39.5 |
10.0 |
3.1 |
16.9 |
|
| Nepal 2011* |
64.3 |
56.0 |
8.3 |
1.7 |
15.0 |
|
| Timor–Leste 2009* |
67.6 |
51.5 |
16.1 |
10.0 |
22.1 |
|
|
Pooled |
6.7 |
2.2 |
11.2 |
|||
|
New or boiled blade |
Malawi 2014 |
96.0 |
95.4 |
0.6 |
–4.0 |
5.2 |
| Nigeria 2013 |
92.5 |
92.6 |
–0.1 |
–2.0 |
1.9 |
|
| Bangladesh 2007 |
82.5 |
82.7 |
–0.2 |
–4.2 |
3.8 |
|
| Bangladesh 2011 |
85.2 |
83.5 |
1.7 |
–2.0 |
5.5 |
|
| Bangladesh 2014 |
82.7 |
84.7 |
–1.9 |
–6.0 |
2.1 |
|
| Nepal 2006 |
82.0 |
76.9 |
5.1 |
–0.1 |
10.4 |
|
| Nepal 2011 |
85.7 |
80.2 |
5.5 |
0.1 |
11.0 |
|
| Timor–Leste |
21.0 |
17.2 |
3.8 |
–0.4 |
8.1 |
|
|
Pooled |
1.3 |
–0.4 |
3.0 |
|||
|
Nothing applied to cord |
Malawi 2014 |
66.2 |
66.9 |
–0.7 |
–10.9 |
9.5 |
| Nigeria 2013 |
60.0 |
66.7 |
–6.7 |
–10.7 |
–2.8 |
|
| Bangladesh 2007 |
48.0 |
54.2 |
–6.1 |
–11.9 |
–0.4 |
|
| Bangladesh 2011 |
57.9 |
52.4 |
5.5 |
1.0 |
10.0 |
|
| Bangladesh 2014 |
49.6 |
52.7 |
–3.1 |
–9.9 |
3.6 |
|
| Nepal 2006 |
78.3 |
73.4 |
4.9 |
–0.1 |
9.8 |
|
| Nepal 2011 |
62.7 |
55.1 |
7.6 |
0.3 |
14.9 |
|
| Timor–Leste |
52.3 |
60.2 |
–7.9 |
–13.7 |
–2.1 |
|
|
Pooled |
–0.1 |
–5.5 |
3.7 |
|||
|
Skin to skin |
Nigeria 2013 |
12.4 |
8.4 |
4.1 |
1.6 |
6.5 |
| Bangladesh 2014 |
25.9 |
25.8 |
0.1 |
–5.1 |
5.3 |
|
| Nepal 2011 |
13.1 |
8.7 |
4.4 |
0.5 |
8.4 |
|
|
Pooled |
3.6 |
1.7 |
5.5 |
|||
|
Wrapped |
Bangladesh 2007 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
–0.4 |
–1.6 |
0.8 |
| Bangladesh 2011 |
32.6 |
32.9 |
–0.3 |
–4.8 |
4.2 |
|
| Nepal 2006† |
50.0 |
41.1 |
8.9 |
1.8 |
15.9 |
|
| Nepal 2011† |
71.2 |
56.4 |
14.8 |
7.4 |
22.1 |
|
| Nigeria 201† |
37.7 |
32.2 |
5.6 |
1.7 |
9.5 |
|
| Pooled | 4.9 | 0.1 | 9.6 | |||
*Dried before delivery of placenta.
†Wrapped before delivery of placenta.