Table 4:
Effects of multiple OP exposures on sperm DNA methylation
| Gene | A. |
B. |
C. |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison to “no” exposure |
Comparison to 1 exposure |
Comparison to 2 exposures |
||||
| 1 versus 0 | 2 versus 0 | 3 versus 0 | 2 versus 1 | 3 versus 1 | 3 versus 2 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| GRB10 | 0.69 (0.13; 3.58) | 0.79 (0.14; 4.27) | 1.72 (0.25; 11.78) | 1.14 (0.31; 4.15) | 2.50 (0.49; 12.65) | 2.19 (0.43; 11.18) |
| H19 | 0.46 (0.07; 2.96) | 0.18 (0.03; 1.22) | 0.32 (0.04; 2.65) | 0.39 (0.10; 1.44) | 0.69 (0.14; 3.30) | 1.78 (0.34; 9.30) |
| IGF2 | 0.46 (0.09; 2.26) | 0.44 (0.08; 2.37) | 0.47 (0.07; 3.14) | 0.96 (0.28; 3.30) | 1.02 (0.22; 4.74) | 1.06 (0.22; 5.15) |
| MEG3 | 1.27 (0.27; 6.06) | 1.69 (0.32; 8.92) | 11.04 (1.33; 91.67) | 1.33 (0.39; 4.54) | 8.70 (1.47; 51.30) | 6.53 (1.09; 39.11) |
| MEG3IG | 0.40 (0.08; 1.99) | 0.58 (0.11; 3.12) | 0.236 (0.04; 1.59) | 1.45 (0.43; 4.85) | 0.60 (0.14; 2.62) | 0.41 (0.09; 1.88) |
| NDN | 0.77 (0.15; 3.88) | 1.23 (0.22; 6.72) | 3.37 (0.50; 22.62) | 1.59 (0.43; 5.86) | 4.37 (0.90; 21.22) | 2.75 (0.56; 13.41) |
| NNAT | 1.01 (0.20; 5.11) | 1.35 (0.24; 7.48) | 3.25 (0.44; 23.90) | 1.33 (0.35; 5.00) | 3.21 (0.58; 17.69) | 2.41 (0.41; 14.07) |
| PEG1/MEST | 0.81 (0.17; 3.84) | 1.51 (0.29; 7.93) | 0.64 (0.10; 3.91) | 1.87 (0.53; 6.59) | 0.79 (0.18; 3.38) | 0.42 (0.10; 1.87) |
| PEG3 | 1.64 (0.35; 7.69) | 1.50 (0.29; 7.71) | 3.68 (0.57; 23.64) | 0.92 (0.28; 3.05) | 2.24 (0.51; 9.83) | 2.45 (0.54; 11.09) |
| PLAGL1 | 0.40 (0.08; 2.00) | 1.35 (0.26; 7.17) | 1.78 (0.26; 12.15) | 3.38 (0.92; 12.34) | 4.44 (0.90; 22.02) | 1.32 (0.28; 6.26) |
| SGCE | 0.95 (0.18; 5.11) | 0.82 (0.14; 4.84) | 2.44 (0.35; 16.91) | 0.86 (0.23; 3.28) | 2.58 (0.53; 12.44) | 2.99 (0.59; 15.19) |
| SNRPN | 0.75 (0.15; 3.87) | 1.65 (0.28; 9.66) | 14.62 (1.54; 138.37) | 2.19 (0.56; 8.61) | 19.44 (2.80; 134.81) | 8.87 (1.35; 58.35) |
Results of multivariable logistic regression models on dichotomized exposure and the mean methylation for each DMR (median is cutoff), corrected for age and BMI status.
“Exposure” is defined as to DPHP, BDCIPP, or ipPPP above the median value. The OR compares the odds of having an increased DNA methylation between subjects with at least one high exposure and subjects with less exposures (below the median); hence, column A shows all combinations of exposures (to 1, 2, or 3 OPs) versus zero OP exposures (below the median), column B shows all higher combinations of exposures (2 or 3) versus 1 OP exposure, and column C shows exposure to 3 OPs versus 2 OPs. Significant results are shown in bold.