Table 5:
Sex-specific adjusteda estimates of the association between maternal adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern during pregnancy and infant DNA methylation at birth
| Males |
Females |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypo-methylation |
Hyper-methylation |
Hypo-methylation |
Hyper-methylation |
|||||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| MEG3-IG | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 1.77 (0.60, 5.23) | 0.30 | 0.81 (0.25, 2.62) | 0.72 | 7.40 (1.88, 29.09) | 0.0004 | 3.41 (0.95, 12.21) | 0.06 |
| Medium adherence | 1.27 (0.49, 3.32) | 0.62 | 1.13 (0.43, 2.96) | 0.81 | 3.34 (1.10, 10.21) | 0.03 | 1.99 (0.75, 5.33) | 0.17 |
| MEG3 | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 1.08 (0.36, 3.22) | 0.89 | 1.11 (0.36, 3.38) | 0.86 | 0.30 (0.08, 1.15) | 0.08 | 1.39 (0.49, 3.96) | 0.53 |
| Medium adherence | 1.45 (0.53, 3.97) | 0.47 | 1.49 (0.53, 4.17) | 0.45 | 2.03 (0.73, 5.65) | 0.18 | 1.88 (0.66, 5.34) | 0.23 |
| NNAT | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 1.30 (0.40, 4.22) | 0.67 | 2.59 (0.75, 8.89) | 0.13 | 2.32 (0.56, 9.68) | 0.25 | 2.06 (0.55, 7.69) | 0.28 |
| Medium adherence | 0.66 (0.25, 1.72) | 0.39 | 1.44 (0.54, 3.85) | 0.46 | 0.62 (0.20, 1.92) | 0.40 | 0.29 (0.10, 0.88) | 0.03 |
| SGCE/PEG10 | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 1.31 (0.42, 4.04) | 0.64 | 3.06 (1.02, 9.16) | 0.05 | 0.92 (0.30, 2.82) | 0.88 | 0.70 (0.23, 2.12) | 0.53 |
| Medium adherence | 1.59 (0.60, 4.19) | 0.35 | 2.59 (0.99, 6.75) | 0.05 | 1.17 (0.42, 3.26) | 0.76 | 1.24 (0.48, 3.22) | 0.66 |
| IGF2 | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 1.63 (0.53, 4.96) | 0.39 | 1.16 (0.37, 3.60) | 0.80 | 1.23 (0.42, 3.55) | 0.71 | 0.82 (0.28, 2.35) | 0.70 |
| Medium adherence | 1.82 (0.69, 4.75) | 0.22 | 1.49 (0.58, 3.81) | 0.41 | 1.14 (0.42, 3.06) | 0.80 | 1.24 (0.50, 3.13) | 0.64 |
| H19 | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 2.60 (0.77, 8.77) | 0.12 | 4.46 (1.32, 15.08) | 0.02 | 1.34 (0.47, 3.88) | 0.59 | 0.70 (0.22, 2.19) | 0.54 |
| Medium adherence | 1.16 (0.44, 3.02) | 0.77 | 1.10 (0.42, 2.86) | 0.85 | 1.15 (0.44, 3.04) | 0.77 | 1.04 (0.40, 2.70) | 0.94 |
| PLAGL1 | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 0.95 (0.31, 2.93) | 0.93 | 3.24 (1.02, 10.26) | 0.05 | 0.94 (0.31, 2.85) | 0.92 | 1.48 (0.50, 4.36) | 0.48 |
| Medium adherence | 0.84 (0.33, 2.09) | 0.70 | 1.32 (0.51, 3.40) | 0.56 | 1.06 (0.40, 2.82) | 0.91 | 1.16 (0.44, 3.07) | 0.77 |
| MEST | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 0.52 (0.17, 1.65) | 0.27 | 1.20 (0.42, 3.43) | 0.73 | 1.25 (0.41, 3.81) | 0.69 | 0.83 (0.26, 2.61) | 0.74 |
| Medium adherence | 0.67 (0.25, 1.79) | 0.42 | 0.77 (0.30, 2.03) | 0.60 | 1.46 (0.53, 4.06) | 0.46 | 1.60 (0.59, 4.31) | 0.35 |
| PEG3 | ||||||||
| Low adherence | 0.94 (0.32, 2.80) | 0.91 | 0.39 (0.13, 1.22) | 0.11 | 1.69 (0.55, 5.16) | 0.36 | 0.76 (0.25, 2.30) | 0.63 |
| Medium adherence | 0.55 (0.20, 1.48) | 0.23 | 0.53 (0.21, 1.34) | 0.18 | 1.44 (0.50, 4.09) | 0.50 | 1.071 (0.41, 2.78) | 0.89 |
aAdjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal age at delivery. Comparisons are for low and medium diet adherence, compared with high adherence, and low and high methylation compared with moderate methylation (assessed in tertiles).