Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants (N=186)
| Characteristics | Total (n=186) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.3±12.6 |
| Gender | |
| Male | 127 (68.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1±5.8 |
| Occupational exposure | |
| Yes | 27 (14.5) |
| Area of residence | |
| Urban | 28 (15.1) |
| Suburban | 59 (31.7) |
| Rural | 99 (53.2) |
| Smoking status | |
| Current smoker | 121 (65.1) |
| Exsmoker | 65 (34.9) |
| Start smoking age (years) | 19.7±6.9 |
| Quit smoking age (years) | 53.6±13.3 |
| Pack-years of smoking | 50±37.8 |
| Respiratory symptoms | |
| Cough | 92 (49.5) |
| Sputum | 108 (58.1) |
| Wheezing | 85 (45.7) |
| Dyspnea | 105 (56.5) |
| mMRC ≥2 | 41 (22) |
| CAT ≥10 | 57 (30.6) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Yes | 153 (82.3) |
| Hypertension | 83 (44.6) |
| Diabetes | 40 (21.5) |
| Coronary heart disease | 22 (11.8) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 65 (34.9) |
| FeNO (ppb) | 8±9.2 |
| ProFEV1% | 86±21.3 |
| Inhaled medicationa | |
| No medication | 61 (32.8) |
| SAMA ± SABA | 23 (12.3) |
| LAMA or LABA | 20 (10.7) |
| LAMA/LABA | 8 (4.3) |
| LABA/ICS | 45 (24.2) |
| LAMA + LABA/ICS | 19 (10.2) |
| Other medications | 10 (5.5) |
Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as frequency (percentage).
a
Previously received medication.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD assessment test; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA, short-acting β2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist.