. 2018 Jan 24;5(2):ofy017. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy017

Table 3.

Multivariate Poisson Regression Analysis for Factors Associated With the Development of STIs Among Participants in the DC Cohort

Participant Characteristic	Chlamydia		Gonorrhea		Syphilis		Any STI
Participant Characteristic	RR (95% CI)	P ^g	RR (95% CI)	P	RR (95% CI)	P	RR (95% CI)	P
Age at consent, y
0–17	24.2 (7.3–80.4)	<.0001	23.5 (7.2–76.6)	<.0001	2.5 (0.3–20.1)	.40	17.6 (7.2–42.9)	<.0001
18–34	15.7 (7.9–31.4)	<.0001	9.9 (5.4–18.2)	<.0001	6.1 (2.8–13.2)	<.0001	9.4 (6.2–14.1)	<.0001
35–54	4.4 (2.2–8.8)	<.0001	2.9 (1.6–5.2)	.001	3.9 (1.8–8.1)	.000	3.3 (2.2–4.9)	<.0001
55+	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Gender at consent^a
Male	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Female	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	.385	0.6 (0.4–1.2)	.143	0.1 (0–0.3)	<.0001	0.7 (0.5–1)	.0316
Transgender female	1.3 (0.8–2.2)	.335	1 (0.5–1.8)	.945	1.3 (0.5–3.3)	.53	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	.3053
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic black	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Non-Hispanic white	1.3 (0.9–1.7)	.12	1.5 (1.1–2)	.009	1.3 (0.8–2)	.23	1.2 (1–1.5)	.05
Hispanic	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	.130	1.7 (1.1–2.5)	.009	1.7 (0.9–3)	.095	1.5 (1.1–1.9)	.008
Other	0.5 (0.2–1.5)	.21	1 (0.4–2.4)	.95	0.4 (0.1–2.7)	.33	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	.18
HIV risk behavior^b
MSM	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
HRH	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	<.0001	0.1 (0.1–0.3)	<.0001	1.3 (0.7–2.4)	.325	0.2 (0.1–0.3)	<.0001
IDU	0.1 (0–1.4)	.088	0.1 (0–1)	.045	0.2 (0–0.8)	.022	0.1 (0–0.7)	.03
Other	0.3 (0.1–0.8)	.02	0.2 (0–0.5)	.001	0.6 (0.4–0.9)	.01	0.2 (0.1–0.5)	<.001
Housing at consent^c
Permanent/stable	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Temporary/unstable	1 (0.7–1.5)	.84	1.2 (0.8–1.9)	.29	1.8 (0.9–3.5)	.12	1.2 (1–1.6)	.089
Homeless	0.9 (0.4–2.3)	.88	1.5 (0.4–6.3)	.54	1.6 (0.9–2.6)	.08	0.8 (0.4–1.6)	.52
Primary insurance^d
Public	1.3 (1–1.8)	.039	1.5 (1.1–2)	.020	1.3 (0.7–2.3)	.444	1.2 (1–1.5)	.062
Private	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Other	1.2 (0.6–2.4)	.576	0.7 (0.2–2)	.480	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	.374	1.2 (0.8–2)	.3727
Alcohol use	1.2 (0.8–1.9)	.320	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	.442	0.7 (0.4–1.4)	.355	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	.1598
Substance abuse	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	.194	1.4 (1–2)	.056	2.2 (1.1–4.4)	.034	1.3 (1–1.7)	.0345
Mental health diagnosis at consent^e	0.3 (0.1–1)	.044	0.4 (0.1–1.1)	.072	2 (1–4)	.063	0.3 (0.1–0.6)	.0028
Ever HBV infection prior to consent	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	.631	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	.316	2.6 (1.3–5.2)	.009	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	.7119
Ever HCV infection prior to consent	1 (0.6–1.5)	.880	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	.215	1.8 (0.9–3.8)	.124	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	.5952
Nadir CD4 cell count^f
<50	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
50–199	1.5 (0.9–2.6)	.108	1.3 (0.8–2.2)	.29	1.3 (0.8–2.2)	.290	1.5 (1.1–2.1)	.017
200–349	2.6 (1.6–4.2)	<.0001	2.2 (1.4–3.5)	.001	2.2 (1.4–3.5)	.001	2.2 (1.6–3)	<.0001
350–499	2.2 (1.4–3.6)	.0015	1.8 (1.1–3)	.014	1.8 (1.1–3)	.014	1.9 (1.4–2.7)	<.0001
500+	2.4 (1.4–3.9)	.0007	1.7 (1.1–2.9)	.028	1.7 (1.1–2.9)	.03	1.9 (1.4–2.7)	.00

Abbreviations: HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HRH, heterosexual; IDU, injection drug user; MSM, men who have sex with men; Ref, reference group; RR, relative risk; STI, sexually transmitted infection.

^aTransgender men were not included in this analysis due to the small number (n = 5).

^bOther HIV transmission risk behavior includes persons who were perinatally infected or infected through blood transfusions, coagulation disorders, or occupational exposures.

^cTemporary/unstable housing was defined as a housing unit in which persons who are without housing or a fixed address receive temporary housing or shelter.

^dPublic insurance includes Medicare, Medicaid, and other public insurance coverage plans; “Other” insurance includes self-pay, recently terminated plans, clinical trial.

^eMental health conditions diagnosed previously or at the time of consent include major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, psychoses, other.

^fNadir CD4 is the lowest CD4 record available dated prior to enrollment into the DC Cohort. Seven participants had an unknown nadir CD4 cell count.

^gA Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple testing, resulting in a significance level of .05/3 = .0167, and subsequent confidence intervals set at 98.33%.