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. 2017 Jul 6;40(9):zsx114. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx114

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© Sleep Research Society 2017. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Sleep Research Society].

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Experimental procedures. (A) Presleep (09.30 pm): Speech-word pairs and sound-word pairs (and associated screen locations) were encoded separately. Participants then carried out a presleep test for all speech-word and sound-word pairs. (B) Sleep/TMR (11.00 pm–07.00 am): sounds and spoken words were replayed throughout the first two cycles of slow-wave sleep. In Experiment 1, the spoken words were presented in a male or female voice at training and replayed in the same voice in sleep. In Experiment 2, the spoken words were presented in a male voice at training and replayed in a female voice in sleep. The replayed sounds were identical to the stimuli presented at training in both experiments. (C) Post sleep (07.30 am): participants completed a post-sleep test, which was identical to the presleep test. TMR = targeted memory reactivation.