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Effect of caffeine on sleep and total consumption in Gr93a3 females. (A) Nighttime sleep and (B) 24-hour food intake of Gr93a3 flies on 1% sucrose diet ± 0.5 mg/mL caffeine. Note that complementary experiments performed at the same time using the control strain, w1118, were reported in Figures 2C and 3B. Values represent average ± SEM. n = 16 flies per diet. ****p ≤ .0001.
