Table 1.
Complement components | Functions | Involved tissue/cells | Source |
---|---|---|---|
C5b-9 | Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 and chemokines | Umbilical vein endothelial cells | Kilgore et al30 |
Cell proliferation | Renal mesangial cells | Brandt et al31 | |
Aortic smooth muscle cells | Niculescu et al32 | ||
Schwann cells | Dashiell et al33 | ||
Expression of growth factors such as PDGF, bFGF | Endothelial cells | Benzaquen et al34 | |
Induces apoptosis | Renal mesangial cells | Nauta et al35 | |
Inhibits apoptosis | Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells | Rus et al36 | |
C5a | Inhibits apoptosis | Neutrophil granulocytes | Lee et al37 |
Induces apoptosis | Neuronal cell line | Farkas et al38 | |
Early increase and later suppression in gene expression of CD46, CD55, CD59 | Tenocytes | Own unpublished work | |
Chemotaxis | MSCs | Schraufstatter et al39 | |
Chemotaxis | Neutrophil granulocytes | Ehrengruber et al40 | |
Secretion and activation of MMP-9 | Neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes | DiScipio et al41 | |
C3a | Inhibits apoptosis | Mesangial cells | van Beek et al42 |
Production of angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, CXCL8/IL-8, and IL-6 | MSCs | DiScipio et al43 | |
Hemotaxis | Eosinophil granulocytes | Daffern et al44 |
Abbreviations: bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MSCs, mesenchymal stromal cells; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.