Table 3.
Causes of mortality and serious morbidity between infection groups
| Infection group | P* | Infection group (considering viral replication) | P† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV–HBV | HIV | HIV–HBV, VL > 104 copies/mL | HIV | |||
| n (IR/100 person/years) | (N = 65) | (N = 567) | (N = 33) | (N = 567) | ||
| Overall mortality | ||||||
| Tuberculosis | 2 (1.6) | 1 (0.1) | 0.02 | 2 (3.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0.004 |
| Liver related | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | – | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | – |
| Bacterial diseases | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | – | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | – |
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | – | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | – |
| Serious HIV-related morbidity | ||||||
| Death | 1 (0.9) | 3 (0.3) | 0.3 | 1 (1.8) | 3 (0.3) | 0.12 |
| Tuberculosis | 3 (2.6) | 17 (1.7) | 0.5 | 2 (3.7) | 17 (1.7) | 0.3 |
| Bacterial diseases | 8 (7.0) | 33 (3.3) | 0.05 | 7 (12.9) | 33 (3.3) | 0.001 |
| Oropharyngeal candidiasis | 3 (2.6) | 46 (4.5) | 0.3 | 3 (5.5) | 46 (4.5) | 0.8 |
| Other‡ | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | – | 0 (0) | 2 (0.2) | – |
| Serious non-HIV-related morbidity | ||||||
| Malarial infection | 2 (1.8) | 12 (1.2) | 0.6 | 2 (3.5) | 12 (1.2) | 0.17 |
| Bacterial diseases | 1 (0.9) | 7 (0.7) | 0.9 | 0 (0) | 7 (0.7) | – |
| Non-specific | 6 (5.3) | 90 (9.2) | 0.19 | 2 (3.5) | 90 (9.2) | 0.17 |
| Other | 4 (3.5) | 28 (2.8) | 0.7 | 3 (5.3) | 28 (2.8) | 0.3 |
HBV = hepatitis B virus; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IR = incidence rates; VL = viral loads.
*
Comparisons were made between HIV–HBV vs. HIV mono-infected patients.
†
Comparisons were made between HIV–HBV co-infected patients with high HBV DNA VL vs. HIV mono-infected patients. P values obtained from Wald χ2 test after fitting a Cox proportional hazards model.
‡
Prolonged vaginal candidiasis (N = 1), isosporiasis (N = 1).