Table 1.
Environmental samples collected in a single rice field in Ubon Ratchathani
| Samples (n) | Season (Date) | Activity | Air samplers used (n) | No. of samples culture positive for B. pseudomallei |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soil (100 samples) | Dry (March 5) | None (baseline) | None (N = 100) | 32 (32%) |
| Air (31 samples) | Dry (March 5) | None (baseline) | Casella (N = 1), XMX (N = 1), SMC (N = 5) | 0 |
| Dry (March 5) | Soil digging | Casella (N = 5), XMX (N = 5), SMC (N = 5) | 0 | |
| Dry (March 5) | Tractor ploughing | Casella (N = 2), XMX (N = 2), SMC (N = 5) | 0 | |
| Paddy field water (10 samples) | Rainy (August 20) | None (flooded rice field) | None (N = 5) | 2* |
| Rainy (August 24) | None (flooded rice field) | None (N = 5) | 4† | |
| Rainwater (60 samples) | Rainy (August 2) | Raining during the day | None (N = 5) | 0 |
| Rainy (August 3) | Raining during the day | None (N = 5) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 5) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 7) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 9) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 11) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 15) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 16) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 17) | Raining during the day | None (N = 5)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 17) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 18) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 19) | Raining during the night | None (N = 5)‡ | 0 | |
| Air (46 samples) | Rainy (August 2) | Raining during the day | Casella (N = 1)‡, XMX (N = 4) | 0 |
| Rainy (August 3) | Raining during the day | Casella (N = 1)‡, XMX (N = 5) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 12) | None (baseline, no raining) | Casella (N = 4), XMX (N = 8) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 14) | Light drizzle during the day | Casella (N = 2), XMX (N = 2) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 15) | None (baseline, no raining) | Casella (N = 2), XMX (N = 4)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 16) | After overnight rain | Casella (N = 2)‡, XMX (N = 4) | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 17) | After overnight rain | Casella (N = 1)‡ | 0 | |
| Rainy (August 18) | Raining during the day | Casella (N = 2), XMX (N = 4) | 0 |
*
Quantitative count of B. pseudomallei was 150 and 250 CFU/mL.
†
Quantitative count of B. pseudomallei was not performed.
‡
Burkholderia pseudomallei-like bacterial colonies were observed.