Table 1. Patient and procedure characteristics.
| Sodium bicarbonate (N = 168) |
Saline (N = 165) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 73.0 (9.2) | 72.5 (8.8) |
| Sex, male | 105 (62.5%) | 110 (66.7%) |
| Outpatients | 159 (94.6%) | 153 (92.7%) |
| Mean BMI | 29.0 (11.4) | 29.5 (21.7) |
| Mean eGFR | 50.0 (14.8) | 51.1 (16.7) |
| eGFR > 45 ml/min/1.73m2 | 107 (63.7) | 103 (62.4) |
| eGFR 30–45 ml/min/1.73m2 | 47 (28.0) | 46 (27.9) |
| eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 | 14 (8.3) | 16 (9.7) |
| Mean systolic blood pressure | 145.7 (22.1) | 139.2 (21.1) |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure | 76.7 (13.3) | 74.2 (14.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 65 (35.7%) | 64 (38.8%) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 109 (64.9%) | 119 (72.1%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 92 (54.8%) | 89 (53.9%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 33 (19.6%) | 22 (13.3%) |
| Primary renal or urological disease | 107 (63.7%) | 116 (70.3%) |
| Microalbuminuria* | 12 (7.1%) | 15 (9.1%) |
| Macroalbuminuria* | 63 (37.5%) | 67 (40.6%) |
| Medication | ||
| Diuretics | 102 (60.7%) | 94 (57.0%) |
| ACE-inhibitors | 76 (45.2%) | 78 (47.3%) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 45 (26.8%) | 44 (26.7%) |
| Preprocedural stop of medication | 11 (6.5%) | 13 (7.9%) |
| Type of elective contrast procedure | ||
| Angiography | 9 (5.4%) | 12 (7.3%) |
| DSA | 4 (2.4%) | 4 (2.4%) |
| PTA | 88 (52.4%) | 101 (61.2%) |
| EVAR | 22 (13.1%) | 7 (4.2%) |
| CAG | 33 (19.6%) | 30 (18.2%) |
| PCI | 5 (3.0%) | 3 (1.8%) |
| Other | 5 (3.0%) | 7 (4.2%) |
| Mean contrast volume in mL** | 112.9 (44.9) | 112.6 (48.1) |
| Mean iodine dose in grams | 35.2 (14.1) | 34.9 (15.6) |
| Median contrast volume/eGFR (2.5–97.5 percentiles) | 2.3 (0.8–6.4) | 2.2 (0.7–6.5) |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean (SD) unless stated otherwise.
eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate. CKD = chronic kidney disease. DSA = digital subtraction angiography. PTA = percutaneous coronary intervention. EVAR = endovascular aneurism repair. CAG = coronary angiography. PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.
* Microalbuminuria was defined as albumin-creatinine ratio 30–300 mg/g, macroalbuminuria as albumin-creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g.
** Missing in 34 and 40 patients, respectively.