Table 3.
Serum and endotracheal fluid cytokine levels obtained within 24 h of endotracheal intubation in patients <5 years of age with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
| Age group |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine | Sample type | <6 months (n = 4) | 6–12 months (n = 36) | >12 months (n = 5) | All patients (n = 45) |
| TNF-α, pg/ml | Serum | 2.59 (0.57–24.27) | 1.57 (0.003–8.16) | 1.83 (0.86–5.07) | 1.57 (0.003–24.27) |
| ETF | 17.44 (10.22–128.84) | 414.7 (40.24–2021.25)*** | 29.34 (6.76–535.6) | 153.48 (6.76–2021.25)b | |
| GM-CSF, pg/ml | Serum | 124.63 (30.41–165.14) | 109.51 (1.82–189.12) | 129.08 (1.82–179.25) | 115.58 (0.43–409.46) |
| ETF | 106.96 (12.13–332.21) | 122.28 (7.12–844.15) | 96.88 (28. 21–134.24) | 118.09 (12.13–844.15) | |
| IL-6, pg/ml | Serum | 77.19 (20.75–267.12) | 82.65 (15.38–2502.32) | 100.24 (56.2–680.62) | 80.84 (15.38–680.62) |
| ETF | 35.97 (8.78–143.51) | 258.51 (9.16–1610.53)*** | 190.30 (55.49–862.88) | 236.97 (8.78–1610.51)a | |
| IL-8, pg/ml | Serum | 99.03 (25.27–280.22) | 90.03 (23.04–203.18) | 79.12 (43.85–114.16) | 90.03 (23.04–280.22) |
| ETF | 1492.69 (186.48–6732.98) | 6047.82 (25.89–18967.25)*** | 2139.66 (461.24–9435.87) | 5444.71 (25.89–18967.25)c | |
| IL-10, pg/ml | Serum | 30.01 (6.58–52.48)* | 12.51 (0.07–386.07) | 15.53 (0.07–159.41) | 13.11 (0.07–386.07)d |
| ETF | 1.30 (0.78–1.98) | 1.59 (0.39–5.56) | 2.91 (0.78–3.56) | 1.62 (0.78–5.56) | |
| INF-γ, pg/ml | Serum | 24.20 (4.86–198.88) | 24.80 (4.86–635.14) | 24.22 (4.86–110.67) | 24.82 (4.86–635.14)d |
| ETF | 0.04 (0.04–0.98) | 0.23 (0.04–1.78)** | 0.22 (0.04–0.27)** | 0.21 (0.04–1.78) | |
| IL-12, pg/ml | Serum | 5.82 (0.04–52.39) | 3.07 (0.04–34.57) | 2.4 (0.04–23.23) | 3.41 (0.04–52.39) |
| ETF | 6.80 (0.56–9.4) | 9.17 (0.04–32.98) | 6.72 (1.23–15.86) | 7.27 (0.04–32.98) | |
Data presented as median (min–max).
TNF, tumour necrosis factor; ETF, endotracheal fluid; GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon.
*
P < 0.05 versus patients aged 6–12 months; **P < 0.01 versus patients aged <6 months; ***P < 0.001 versus patients aged <6 months and >12 months; aP < 0.01 versus serum; bP < 0.001 versus serum; and cP < 0.0001 versus serum; dP < 0.01 versus ETF (Kruskal–Wallis test).