Table 4.
Serum cytokine levels obtained within 24 h of endotracheal intubation in patients <5 years of age with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation who either survived or died during treatment.
| Cytokine | Patient subgroup |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Survived (n = 21) | Died (n = 24) | Statistical significance | |
| Proinflammatory cytokine, pg/ml | |||
| TNF-α | 1.46 (0.003–17.4) | 1.93 (0.86–24.27) | NS |
| GM-CSF | 131.47 (0.43–374.79) | 91.84 (0.43–409.46) | NS |
| IL-6 | 20.75 (15.38–160.9) | 267.12 (54.87–689.62) | P < 0.05 |
| IL-8 | 90.03 (23.04–203.18) | 99.03 (25.27–280.22) | NS |
| INF-γ | 24.80 (5.53–635.14) | 24.20 (4.86–111.43) | NS |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokine, pg/ml | |||
| IL-10 | 11.02 (0.07–28.74) | 15.01 (5.47–386.07) | NS |
| IL-12 | 5.82 (0.04–23.23) | 2.74 (0.45–52.39) | NS |
Data presented as median (min–max).
TNF, tumour necrosis factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon.
NS, no statistically significant between-group difference (P > 0.05; Mann–Whitney U-test).