Table 1.
Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy characteristics of the cohort overall (n = 18) and stratified by hepatitis C virus (HCV) status.
| Characteristic | Overall cohort n = 18 | HIV/HCV-coinfected group n = 10 | HIV-monoinfected group n = 8 | Statistical significancea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 44.0 (39.0, 48.0) | 45.5 (41.0, 50.0) | 43.0 (31.5, 47.0) | NS |
| Race | ||||
| White | 6 (33) | 3 (30) | 3 (38) | NS |
| Black | 8 (44) | 5 (50) | 3 (38) | |
| Other | 4 (22) | 2 (20) | 2 (25) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.3 (23.9, 29.1) | 28.6 (25.7, 29.4) | 24.1 (22.0, 26.3) | P = 0.03 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 89.2 (88.0, 98.7) | 98.0 (89.0, 101.3) | 88.8 (87.0, 89.0) | NS |
| Hypertension | 4 (22) | 2 (20) | 2 (25) | NS |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHG | 116.3 (112.5, 124.0) | 115.3 (113.0, 119.0) | 116.8 (111.8, 127.5) | NS |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHG | 71.0 (67.0, 78.0) | 71.5 (71.0, 76.0) | 68.0 (64.0, 85.5) | NS |
| Dyslipidemia | 7 (39) | 3 (30) | 4 (50) | NS |
| On lipid-lowering therapy | 6 (33) | 2 (20) | 4 (50) | NS |
| Alcohol status | ||||
| Current | 11 (61) | 5 (50) | 6 (75) | NS |
| Former | 5 (28) | 4 (40) | 1 (13) | |
| Never | 2 (11) | 1 (10) | 1 (13) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 8 (44) | 5 (50) | 3 (38) | NS |
| Former | 7 (39) | 4 (40) | 3 (38) | |
| Never | 3 (17) | 1 (10) | 2 (25) | |
| Smoking pack years (n = 15, current or former smokers only) | 4.60 (1.43, 12.50) | 10.00 (3.25, 13.50) | 3.00 (1.43, 9.00) | NS |
| Cocaine use | ||||
| Current | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Former | 10 (56) | 6 (40) | 4 (50) | |
| Never | 8 (44) | 4 (40) | 4 (50) | |
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 11.4 (5.9, 17.9) | 8.9 (4.8, 19.4) | 13.9 (7.4, 17.4) | NS |
| Years on ART | 6.80 (2.10, 15.10) | 6.25 (2.10, 15.20) | 7.40 (4.90, 16.25) | NS |
| Current ART | ||||
| Ritonavir-boosted PI | 6 (33) | 4 (40) | 2 (25) | NS |
| NNRTI | 6 (33) | 2 (20) | 4 (50) | |
| Integrase inhibitor | 5 (28) | 3 (30) | 2 (25) | |
| Integrase + NNRTI | 1 (6) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | |
| CD4 nadir (n = 9 for HIV/HCV-coinfected group, n = 7 for HIV-monoinfected group), cells/mm3 | 303 (116, 420) | 373 (300, 500) | 172 (25, 350) | P = 0.05 |
| Current CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 | 753 (550, 887) | 768 (679, 909) | 557 (436, 887) | NS |
| ALT, U/l | 39.0 (19.0, 88.0) | 79.5 (43.0, 97.0) | 22.0 (14.5, 34.5) | P = 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 158.5 (136.0, 186.0) | 155.5 (136.0 174.0) | 158.5 (138.5, 188.5) | NS |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 92.8 (69.5, 114.2) | 87.4 (61.8, 114.2) | 92.8 (78.9, 118.3) | NS |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 41.4 (36.6, 46.3) | 38.7 (32.3, 46.3) | 44.0 (36.8, 46.7) | NS |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 96.0 (73.0, 119.0) | 107.0 (88.0, 147.0) | 79.5 (71.5, 109.0) | NS |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 88.0 (85.0, 95.0) | 88.5 (84.0, 95.0) | 88.0 (86.0, 96.5) | NS |
| FIB-4 score | 0.93 (0.63, 1.38) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.36) | 0.76 (0.60, 2.13) | NS |
| Myocardial fat (n = 8 for HIV/HCV- coinfected group), % | 0.48 (0.35, 1.54) | 0.45 (0.35, 1.19) | 0.51 (0.33, 1.62) | NS |
| Liver fat (n = 8 for HIV/HCV group), % | 1.93 (1.33, 4.28) | 2.30 (1.38, 4.04) | 1.75 (1.06, 4.76) | NS |
| EDM index, g/m2 | 56.81 (48.22, 61.45) | 60.75 (55.53, 63.51) | 48.93 (45.56, 55.38) | P = 0.05 |
| EDM/EDV, g/ml | 0.72 (0.63, 0.75) | 0.75 (0.72, 0.77) | 0.60 (0.57, 0.69) | P < 0.01 |
| ESV index, ml/m2 | 33.70 (28.29, 40.74) | 33.70 (28.29, 39.76) | 33.63 (28.47, 45.12) | NS |
| EDV index, ml/m2) | 80.95 (74.54, 85.47) | 78.97 (74.54, 84.88) | 82.94 (75.30, 94.24) | NS |
| Mitral valve E/A | 1.25 (1.01, 1.43) | 1.23 (0.94, 1.43) | 1.29 (1.08, 1.80) | NS |
| Diastolic strain rate | 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) | 0.11 (0.10, 0.14) | 0.10 (0.06, 0.13) | NS |
| Strain relaxation index | 1.43 (1.07, 2.18) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.67) | 2.09 (1.21, 2.95) | NS |
| Peak circumferential systolic strain, Ecc | –18.43 (–19.92, –15.60) | –17.70 (–19.92, –15.60) | –18.51 (–20.64, –16.90) | NS |
| Ejection fraction, % | 57.93 (52.00, 63.16) | 58.67 (52.00, 59.87) | 57.86 (52.13, 63.79) | NS |
| Extracellular volume fraction | 0.27 (0.25, 0.31) | 0.25 (0.24, 0.26) | 0.31 (0.29, 0.32) | P < 0.01 |
| Epicardial fat, mm2 | 1012.0 (837.0, 1201.0) | 937.5 (837.0, 1201.0) | 1048.0 (860.0, 1180.0) | NS |
| Pericardial fat, mm2 | 719.5 (366.0, 1352.0) | 822.5 (560.0, 1412.0) | 504.0 (167.0, 994.5) | NS |
| Subcutaneous fat/BSA, ml/m2 | 105.66 (68.23, 122.96) | 114.11 (68.23, 123.56) | 87.38 (70.17, 109.72) | NS |
| Visceral fat/BSA, ml/m2 | 70.27 (53.19, 86.16) | 71.99 (66.45, 86.16) | 59.51 (49.47, 100.45) | NS |
Data presented as median (interquartile range) or n of patients (%).
Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact tests and continuous variables using non-parametric (Wilcoxon) methods.
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ART, antiretroviral therapy; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FIB-4 score calculated using: [age (years) x aspartate aminotransferase (U/l)]/[platelet count (109/l) x [ALT (U/l)]1/2; EDM, end-diastolic mass; EDM index, EDM/BSA; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; ESV index, ESV/BSA; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EDV index, EDV/BSA; E/A, ratio of the peak filling rates; BSA, body surface area; NS, no significant between-group difference (P > 0.05).