Table 2.
Echocardiographic Indices and Invasive Hemodynamics.
| SHR mean ± SEM |
WKY mean ± SEM |
Strain p-value |
E2 p-value |
Strain × E2 p-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular morphology | |||||
| LVEDD (cm) | 0.152 | 0.003 | 0.012 | ||
| Intact | 0.696 ± 0.026 | 0.584 ± 0.041 | |||
| OVX | 0.714 ± 0.012 | 0.749 ± 0.011* | |||
| LVESD (cm) | 0.022 | 0.0001 | 0.029 | ||
| Intact | 0.453 ± 0.012 | 0.382 ± 0.016 | |||
| OVX | 0.509 ± 0.012† | 0.507 ± 0.019‡ | |||
| PWTed (cm) | 0.004 | 0.024 | 0.502 | ||
| Intact | 0.176 ± 0.011 | 0.128 ± 0.018 | |||
| OVX | 0.197 ± 0.008 | 0.164 ± 0.009 | |||
| AWTed (cm) | 0.747 | 0.847 | 0.64 | ||
| Intact | 0.154 ± 0.009 | 0.155 ± 0.014 | |||
| OVX | 0.161 ± 0.007 | 0.115 ± 0.005 | |||
| RWT | 0.022 | 0.29 | 0.527 | ||
| Intact | 0.494 ± 0.035 | 0.422 ± 0.075 | |||
| OVX | 0.558 ± 0.019 | 0.439 ± 0.021 | |||
| Systolic function | |||||
| LVEF (%) | 0.196 | 0.567 | 0.098 | ||
| Intact | 62 ± 3 | 71 ± 3 | |||
| OVX | 66 ± 1 | 65 ± 3 | |||
| FS% | 0.558 | 0.183 | 0.453 | ||
| Intact | 34 ± 3 | 34 ± 3 | |||
| OVX | 29 ± 2 | 32 ± 2 | |||
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 0.979 | 0.013 | 0.156 | ||
| Intact | 302 ± 13 | 324 ± 24 | |||
| OVX | 283 ± 7 | 262 ± 10 | |||
| Invasive hemodynamics | |||||
| Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 0.0006 | 0.137 | 0.754 | ||
| Intact | 131 ± 6 | 94 ± 4 | |||
| OVX | 148 ± 12 | 106 ± 10 | |||
| Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 0.093 | 0.177 | 0.939 | ||
| Intact | 80 ± 13 | 59 ± 5 | |||
| OVX | 96 ± 14 | 76 ± 8 | |||
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 0.021 | 0.129 | 0.915 | ||
| Intact | 100 ± 12 | 72 ± 5 | |||
| OVX | 120 ± 14 | 89 ± 10 | |||
| LV end systolic pressure (mmHg) | 0.015 | 0.243 | 0.349 | ||
| Intact | 130 ± 5 | 114 ± 6 | |||
| OVX | 150 ± 11 | 116 ± 9 | |||
| LV end diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 0.016 | 0.002 | 0.364 | ||
| Intact | 6.29 ± 0.84 | 1.88 ± 0.26 | |||
| OVX | 9.57 ± 1.24 | 7.42 ± 2.18§ | |||
| dP/dt max (mmHg/s) | 0.021 | 0.597 | 0.938 | ||
| Intact | 7333 ± 1539 | 4778 ± 350 | |||
| OVX | 6736 ± 680 | 4333 ± 882 | |||
| dP/dt min (mmHg/s) | 0.025 | 0.77 | 0.989 | ||
| Intact | (-)5376 ± 1207 | (-)3386 ± 241 | |||
| OVX | (-)5150 ± 419 | (-)3137 ± 608 | |||
Echocardiograms and invasive hemodynamics were measured in SHRs and WKY rats at experiment weeks 9 and 10, respectively. The groups consisted of intact-SHRs (n=6), OVX-SHRs (n=6), intact-WKY rats (n=5), and OVX-WKY rats (n=4). Using a two-way ANOVA, significant differences in functional, structural, and hemodynamic indices, with respect to strain, estrogen (E2) status (intact versus OVX), and strain × E2 status, were determined. The p-values are presented on the right of the table. For convenience, significant differences are indicated in bold. Post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s multiple comparisons indicate significant differences within-strain for estrogen status.
p < 0.01 OVX-WKY versus intact-WKY;
p < 0.05 OVX-SHR versus intact-SHRs;
p < 0.001 OVX-WKY versus intact-WKY;
p < 0.05 OVX-WKY versus intact-WKY.
ANOVA: analysis of variance; AWTed: anterior wall thickness end diastole; bpm: beats per minute; dP/dt max: maximum derivative of change in LV systolic pressure over time; dP/dt min: minimum derivative of change of LV diastolic pressure over time; FS: fractional shortening; LV: left ventricular; LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic dimension; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD: left ventricular end systolic dimension; OVX: ovariectomy; PWTed: posterior wall thickness end diastole; RWT: relative wall thickness; SEM: standard error of the mean; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rat; WKY: Wistar-Kyoto rats;