Table 2.

Estimated mean CD4 count (cells/μL) change up to 36 months from ART initiation.

	Univariate			Multivariate
	Mean Diff.	95% CI	p value	Mean Diff.	95% CI	p value
Year of ART Initiation			<0.001			<0.001
2003–2005	ref			ref
2006–2009	8	(3, 13)	0.003	8	(3, 13)	0.002
2010–2013	13	(8, 19)	<0.001	15	(9, 20)	<0.001
Time from ART initiation (per month)	16	(15, 16)	<0.001	16	(16, 17)	<0.001
Age at ART initiation (years)			<0.001			<0.001
≤30	ref			ref
31–40	−11	(−15, −6)	<0.001	−9	(−13, −5)	<0.001
41–50	−21	(−26, −16)	<0.001	−20	(−25, −15)	<0.001
51+	−19	(−25, −13)	<0.001	−17	(−24, −11)	<0.001
Sex
Male	ref			ref
Female	18	(14, 22)	<0.001	17	(13, 21)	<0.001
Mode of HIV Exposure			<0.001			<0.001
Heterosexual contact	ref			ref
Homosexual contact	16	(9, 23)	<0.001	18	(11, 25)	<0.001
Injecting drug use	−21	(−30, −12)	<0.001	−7	(−18, 3)	0.186
Other/unknown	6	(0, 13)	0.061	4	(−2, 11)	0.167
Pre-ART HIV viral load (copies/mL)
≤100000	ref			ref
>100000	41	(34, 47)	<0.001	38	(32, 45)	<0.001
Not tested	7	(1, 13)	0.024	5	(−1, 11)	0.117
Pre-ART CD4 (cells/μL)			<0.001			<0.001
≤50	ref			ref
51–100	10	(4, 15)	0.001	9	(3, 14)	0.002
101–200	5	(1, 10)	0.040	3	(−2, 8)	0.230
201+	−8	(−13, −4)	<0.001	−15	(−20, −10)	<0.001
First ART regimen			0.031			0.109
NRTI1+NNRTI2	ref			ref
NRTI1+PI3	−4	(−12, 4)	0.331	−5	(−13, 3)	0.246
Other	24	(4, 44)	0.020	16	(−4, 36)	0.108
Hepatitis B co-infection
Negative	ref			ref
Positive	−12	(−20, −5)	0.001	−11	(−18, −4)	0.003
Not tested	−5	(−10, −1)	0.033	−5	(−12, 2)	0.134
Hepatitis C co-infection
Negative	ref			ref
Positive	−20	(−28, −12)	<0.001	−12	(−21, −3)	0.008
Not tested	−4	(−9, 1)	0.145	3	(−5, 10)	0.478

Note: Global p-values for year of ART initiation, age and pre-ART CD4 count are test for trend. Other global p-values are test for heterogeneity.

¹NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

²NNRTI = nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

³PI = protease inhibitor.