Model 1			Model 2
	Mean Diff.	95% CI	p value	Mean Diff.	95% CI	p value
Year of ART Initiation			<0.001			<0.001
2003–2005	ref			ref
2006–2009	6	(2, 10)	0.001	6	(2, 10)	0.002
2010–2013	9	(5, 13)	<0.001	9	(5, 13)	<0.001
Time from ART initiation (per month)	16	(15, 16)	<0.001	16	(15, 16)	<0.001
Age at ART initiation (years)			<0.001			<0.001
≤30	ref			ref
31–40	−5	(−8, −2)	0.003	−6	(−9, −3)	<0.001
41–50	−11	(−15, −7)	<0.001	−13	(−17, −9)	<0.001
51+	−7	(−12, −2)	0.004	−9	(−14, −4)	<0.001
Sex
Male	ref			ref
Female	1	(−2, 4)	0.445	2	(−1, 5)	0.319
Mode of HIV Exposure			<0.001			<0.001
Heterosexual contact	ref			ref
Homosexual contact	11	(5, 16)	<0.001	11	(6, 16)	<0.001
Injecting drug use	−17	(−24, −10)	<0.001	−11	(−19, −2)	0.011
Other/unknown	4	(−1, 9)	0.111	3	(−1, 8)	0.168
First ART regimen			0.009			0.030
NRTI1+NNRTI2	ref			ref
NRTI1+PI3	−4	(−10, 3)	0.263	−4	(−10, 3)	0.252
Other	20	(6, 35)	0.007	17	(2, 31)	0.026
Pre-ART HIV viral load (copies/mL)
≤100000				ref
>100000				30	(25, 35)	<0.001
Not tested				6	(1, 10)	0.014
Pre-ART CD4 (cells/μL)						0.724
≤50				ref
51–100				12	(8, 16)	<0.001
101–200				10	(6, 14)	<0.001
201+				0	(−4, 3)	0.895
Hepatitis B co-infection						0.086
Negative				ref
Positive				−6	(−11, −1)	0.042
Not tested				−3	(−8, 2)	0.291
Hepatitis C co-infection						0.016
Negative				ref
Positive				−10	(−16, −3)	0.005
Not tested				1	(−4, 7)	0.601

Note: Global p-values for year of ART initiation, age at ART initiation, pre-ART HIV viral load and pre-ART CD4 count are test for trend. Other global p-values are test for heterogeneity.

¹NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

²NNRTI = nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

³PI = protease inhibitor.