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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 8.
Published in final edited form as: Oper Tech Orthop. 2010 Jun;20(2):76–89. doi: 10.1053/j.oto.2009.10.004

Figure 3. Sandwich technique.

Figure 3

a. An osteochondral defect extending deep into the subchondral bone b. Bone grafting to the level of the subchondral bone and placing a periosteal patch or sealant in level with the bone surface. c. A second periosteal patch or sealant layer is placed at the level of the cartilage surface with the cell/scaffold “sandwiched” in between the two layers.