Table 3.
The difference of parenting behavior between regular and addiction users (n = 6468).
| Regular use | Mild addiction | Severe addiction | Cronbach's Alpha | F | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IAT total score (mean ± SD) | 36.33 ± 7.9 | 58.19 ± 6.9 | 87.02 ± 7.01 | 0.89 | 6056 | 0.000 |
| F inconsistent upbringing | 9.79 (3.02) | 11.53 (2.88) | 12.97 (3.82) | 0.53 | 19.37 | 0.068 |
| M inconsistent upbringing | 10.03 (3.07) | 11.91 (2.85) | 12.98 (3.96) | 0.66 | 20.54 | 0.000 |
| F overprotection | 8.97 (3.14) | 10.28 (3.09) | 12.52 (3.98) | 0.57 | 11.41 | 0.000 |
| M overprotection | 9.62 (3.28) | 11.02 (3.19) | 12.98 (3.92) | 0.68 | 11.50 | 0.000 |
| F physical punishment | 9.99 (418) | 12.12 (4.68) | 16.13 (7.25) | 0.81 | 16.26 | 0.000 |
| M physical punishment | 10.05 (4.09) | 12.06 (4.53) | 15.36 (6.97) | 0.79 | 15.67 | 0.000 |
| F positive parenting way & emotional warmth | 12.33 (4.01) | 11.59 (3.59) | 11.65 (4.88) | 0.81 | − 6.02 | 0.000 |
| M positive parenting way emotional warmth | 12.98 (3.98) | 12.35 (3.52) | 12.76 (4.46) | 0.70 | − 4.96 | 0.000 |
| F neglect | 1076 (3.97) | 13.14 (4.28) | 15.17 (6.88) | 0.73 | 18.99 | 0.000 |
| M neglect | 10.49 (3.79) | 12.80 (4.13) | 15.33 (692) | 0.81 | 18.31 | 0.000 |
*F: father M: mother.