Table 2.
Hepatitis A vaccination coverage by demographic and access to care characteristics among adults with and without chronic liver disease (CLD), National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2014–2015
| With CLD | Without CLD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Unweighted N |
Weighted % vaccinated (≥2 doses) |
Adjusted prevalence difference* (95% CI)) |
Unweighted N |
Weighted % vaccinated (≥2 doses) |
Adjusted prevalence difference* (95% CI) |
| Total | 795† | 11.5 (9.1, 13.8) | 59,758† | 9.1 (8.7, 9.5) | ||
| Age | ||||||
| 18–49 | 204 | 13.9 (8.4, 19.5) | Referent | 28,663 | 12.4 (11.8, 13.0) | Referent |
| 50–64 | 359 | 13.3 (9.7, 17.0) | −0.2 (−7.7, 7.3) | 15,873 | 6.5 (5.9, 7.1)‡ | −5.3 (−6.1, −4.5)‡ |
| ≥65 | 232 | 5.3 (2.0, 8.6)‡ | −7.9 (−15.3, −0.4)‡ | 15,222 | 4.0 (3.5, 4.5)‡ | −7.9 (−8.9, −7.0)‡ |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 390 | 11.2 (7.6, 14.8) | Referent | 26,614 | 8.9 (8.3, 9.4) | Referent |
| Female | 405 | 11.7 (8.7, 14.8) | 2.5 (−3.5, 8.4) | 33,144 | 9.3 (8.9, 9.8) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.9) |
| Education | ||||||
| < High school | 189 | 5.0 (1.3, 8.7) | Referent | 8,710 | 4.4 (3.6, 5.1) | Referent |
| High school graduate | 209 | 13.8 (8.7, 19.0)‡ | 12.4 (4.2, 20.5)‡ | 15,491 | 5.6 (5.1, 6.0)‡§ | 1.4 (0.2, 2.5)‡ |
| Some college | 225 | 10.8 (7.5, 14.0) | 4.7 (−1.2, 10.7) | 18,317 | 10.3 (9.6, 11.0)‡ | 4.7 (3.5, 5.9)‡ |
| College degree or higher | 170 | 16.4 (9.9, 22.8)‡ | 7.6 (0.3, 14.8)‡ | 17,008 | 13.0 (12.2, 13.8)‡ | 5.6 (4.3, 6.9)‡ |
| EmploymentStatus | ||||||
| Employed | 282 | 15.2 (10.5, 20.0) | Referent | 34,438 | 10.4 (9.8, 10.9) | Referent |
| Unemployed | 24 | 11.0 (3.9, 18.1) | −4.8 (−21.5, 11.9) | 2,391 | 10.0 (8.5, 11.6) | 0.3 (−1.3, 2.0) |
| Not in work force | 489 | 8.9 (6.1, 11.7) | −3.9 (−10.7, 2.8) | 22,908 | 6.8 (6.3, 7.3)‡ | 0.5 (−0.5, 1.4) |
| Poverty | ||||||
| Poverty or above | 550 | 11.9 (9.1, 14.6) | −1.5 (−9.1, 6.1) | 47,567 | 9.4 (9.0, 9.8) | −0.2 (−1.3, 0.9) |
| Below poverty | 214 | 11.6 (6.4, 16.9) | Referent | 9,246 | 8.4 (7.4, 9.3) | Referent |
| Insurance | ||||||
| Private | 339 | 13.2 (9.4, 17.0) | Referent | 36,231 | 10.0 (9.6, 10.5) | Referent |
| Public | 384 | 10.3 (7.5, 13.1) | 1.2 (−6.0, 8.4) | 16,148 | 7.6 (7.0, 8.2)‡ | 1.4 (0.4, 2.5)‡ |
| None | 71 | 8.3 (0.3, 16.2) | −1.7 (−11.7, 8.3) | 7,166 | 7.3 (6.4, 8.1)‡ | −0.4 (−1.6, 0.7) |
| Race/Ethnicity‖ | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 509 | 11.5 (8.4, 14.5) | Referent | 37,587 | 8.9 (8.5, 9.4) | Referent |
| Non-Hispanic black | 84 | 12.5 (3.2, 21.8) | −0.5 (−10.4, 9.3) | 7,972 | 8.2 (7.2, 9.1) | −0.1 (−1.3, 1.2) |
| Hispanic | 139 | 8.1 (2.9, 13.3) | −6.1 (−13.2, 0.9) | 9,630 | 8.6 (7.7, 9.5) | −1.4 (−2.4, −0.3)‡ |
| Non-Hispanic other | 63 | 16.7 (5.2, 28.2) | 1.9 (−10.3, 14.1) | 4,569 | 13.3 (11.8, 14.8)‡ | −0.2 (−1.4, 1.0) |
| Region | ||||||
| Northeast | 138 | 5.8 (3.0, 8.5) | Referent | 9,590 | 7.1 (6.4, 7.8) | Referent |
| Midwest | 145 | 12.2 (7.9, 16.6) | 6.4 (−1.8, 14.6) | 12,924 | 8.3 (7.5, 9.0)‡ | 1.6 (0.5, 2.6)‡ |
| South | 248 | 9.8 (6.3, 13.3) | 4.2 (−2.5, 10.9) | 21,018 | 8.3 (7.7, 8.9)‡ | 1.8 (0.9, 2.7)‡ |
| West | 264 | 17.4 (11.0, 23.9)‡ | 12.1 (3.1, 21.2)‡ | 16,226 | 12.9 (12.0, 13.8)‡ | 4.9 (3.8, 5.9)‡ |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 306 | 11.0 (7.9, 14.2) | Referent | 26,497 | 8.7 (8.3, 9.2) | Referent |
| Widowed | 99 | 6.4 (4.9, 7.8) | 2.5 (−10.4, 15.4) | 6,023 | 2.8 (2.2, 3.4)‡ | −2.5 (−3.8, −1.1)‡ |
| Divorced/Separated | 203 | 11.1 (6.3, 15.9) | 0.4 (−6.3, 7.2) | 10,359 | 6.7 (6.1, 7.4)‡ | −0.2 (−1.1, −0.6) |
| Never Married | 183 | 15.6 (9.4, 21.8) | 6.9 (−1.3, 15.1) | 16,760 | 12.2 (11.5, 12.9)‡ | 3.3 (2.4, 4.1)‡ |
| Influenza vaccination in past 12 months | ||||||
| Yes | 444 | 12.3 (9.5, 15.2) | 2.5 (−2.8, 7.8) | 26,434 | 10.4 (9.8, 10.9)‡ | 3.5 (2.7, 4.2)‡ |
| No | 351 | 10.5 (7.0, 14.0) | Referent | 33,324 | 8.2 (7.7, 8.6) | Referent |
| Has primary doctor | ||||||
| Yes | 735 | 11.4 (9.0, 13.7) | 1.0 (−8.5, 10.6) | 51,804 | 9.1 (8.7, 9.4) | −0.6 (−1.8, 0.6) |
| No | 60 | 12.6 (2.5, 22.7) | Referent | 7,941 | 9.5 (8.6, 10.4) | Referent |
| Number of office visits, past 12 months | ||||||
| 0 | 54 | 6.0 (0, 12.4) | Referent | 10,537 | 7.3 (6.6., 8.0) | Referent |
| 1–3 | 228 | 11.3 (6.5, 16.0) | 2.5 (−7.5, 12.5) | 26,530 | 9.6 (9.1, 10.1)‡ | 1.7 (0.7, 2.6)‡ |
| 4–9 | 234 | 10.6 (5.9, 15.3) | 2.4 (−8.4, 13.3) | 14,475 | 9.2 (8.5, 9.8)‡ | 2.5 (1.4, 3.7)‡ |
| ≥10 | 275 | 13.8 (10.4, 17.2) | 6.5 (−4.4, 17.3) | 8,070 | 10.1 (9.1, 11.1)‡ | 3.4 (1.9, 4.8)‡ |
| Travel¶ | ||||||
| Yes | 194 | 19.8 (13.3, 26.4)‡ | 11.8 (3.5, 20.2)‡ | 18,819 | 16.1 (15.3, 16.8)‡ | 8.5 (7.7, 9.3)‡ |
| No | 601 | 8.2 (6.3, 10.0) | Referent | 40,899 | 5.6 (5.2, 5.9) | Referent |
*
Adjusted for all other variables in Table 2.
†
132 respondents with CLD and 8,310 respondents without CLD were excluded from the analysis due to missing data for HepA vaccination status.
‡
p < 0.05 compared with referent category.
§
p < 0.05 by t-test comparing coverage among those with CLD and without CLD.
‖
Persons identified as Hispanic could be of any race. “Other” includes American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, and multiracial persons.
¶
Travel to regions with intermediate or high prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection, defined as reported travel outside of the USA since 1995 to location other than Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada.