Table 1.

Characteristics of study participants by race and sex

Variable	White		Black		p for Race Difference
	Males (N = 338)	Females (N = 409)	Males (N = 117)	Females (N = 188)	Males (N = 455)	Females (N = 597)
Childhood (4–18 years)
Age (years)	10.0 ± 3.3	9.9 ± 3.4	9.8 ± 3.0	9.5 ± 2.9	0.499	0.185
BMI (kg/m2)	17.6 ± 3.2	17.8 ± 3.7	17.6 ± 3.7	17.6 ± 3.9	0.694	0.494
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	88.2 ± 24.2	91.9 ± 25.2*	89.9 ± 28.3	92.9 ± 23.9	0.974	0.947
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	65.1 ± 21.5	62.5 ± 21.1	68.0 ± 20.6	70.1 ± 20.3	0.143	<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	70.0 ± 40.1	77.4 ± 37.5**	64.2 ± 28.8	61.4 ± 22.3	0.158	<0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	100.8 ± 9.8	99.5 ± 10.1	99.6 ± 12.2	98.4 ± 10.3	0.226	0.327
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	61.7 ± 8.2	61.9 ± 8.6	62.3 ± 8.6	60.9 ± 9.1	0.248	0.640
Adulthood (19–52 years)
Age (years)	36.6 ± 4.4	36.4 ± 4.3	36.8 ± 4.3	35.6 ± 4.9*	0.721	0.036
Number of Smokers	99 (29.3%)	114 (27.9%)	41 (35.0%)	54 (28.7%)	0.245	0.830
BMI (kg/m2)	28.9 ± 5.5	28.2 ± 7.1	29.2 ± 6.9	30.9 ± 8.1	0.627	<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	129.9 ± 34.5	124.1 ± 32.6*	124.4 ± 41.6	114.1 ± 30.3*	0.161	<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	41.2 ± 12.1	50.6 ± 13.0**	49.4 ± 15.9	52.2 ± 13.5	<0.001	0.092
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	164.5 ± 129.8	122.0 ± 70.1**	129.0 ± 108.0	88.8 ± 40.4**	<0.001	<0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	118.0 ± 10.9	111.0 ± 11.1**	128.5 ± 16.5	119.0 ± 16.0**	<0.001	<0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	80.2 ± 7.8	75.1 ± 8.3**	86.8 ± 12.3	79.7 ± 11.2**	<0.001	<0.001
Adiponectin (µg/ml)	7.5 ± 3.6	10.4 ± 4.6**	6.9 ± 5.6	8.4 ± 4.4**	0.003	<0.001
Carotid IMT(mm)	0.86 ± 0.18	0.76 ± 0.12**	0.90 ± 0.21	0.80 ± 0.16**	0.006	<0.001

Mean ± SD is presented unless otherwise stated.

p Values for continuous variables were adjusted for age.

Sex difference:

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01.

BMI = body mass index; LDL = low density lipoprotein; HDL = high density lipoprotein; BP = blood pressure; IMT = intima-media thickness.