Table 5.
CAPS-5 Item | Item description | Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
DSM-5 | Dysphoric arousal | Dysphoria | Externalizing behaviors | Anhedonia | Hybrid | ||
1 (B1) | Memories | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT |
2 (B2) | Dreams | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT |
3 (B3) | Flashbacks | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT |
4 (B4) | Cued distress | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT |
5 (B5) | Cued physical reactions | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT | INT |
6 (C1) | Avoiding internal reminders | AVD | AVD | AVD | AVD | AVD | AVD |
7 (C2) | Avoiding external reminders | AVD | AVD | AVD | AVD | AVD | AVD |
8 (D1) | Dissociative amnesia | NCM | NCM | DYS | NCM | NAF | NAF |
9 (D2) | Negative beliefs | NCM | NCM | DYS | NCM | NAF | NAF |
10 (D3) | Blame | NCM | NCM | DYS | NCM | NAF | NAF |
11 (D4) | Negative feelings | NCM | NCM | DYS | NCM | NAF | NAF |
12 (D5) | Loss of interest | NCM | NCM | DYS | NCM | ANH | ANH |
13 (D6) | Detachment or estrangement | NCM | NCM | DYS | NCM | ANH | ANH |
14 (D7) | Numbing | NCM | NCM | DYS | NCM | ANH | ANH |
15 (E1) | Irritability or aggressive behavior | AAR | DAR | DYS | EXT | DAR | EXT |
16 (E2) | Reckless behavior | AAR | DAR | DYS | EXT | DAR | EXT |
17 (E3) | Hypervigilance | AAR | AXA | AXA | AXA | AXA | AXA |
18 (E4) | Startle | AAR | AXA | AXA | AXA | AXA | AXA |
19 (E5) | Concentration | AAR | DAR | DYS | DAR | DAR | DAR |
20 (E6) | Sleep | AAR | DAR | DYS | DAR | DAR | DAR |
Note. CAPS-5 = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5; DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.); INT = Intrusions cluster; AVD = Avoidance cluster; NCM = Negative alterations in cognition and mood cluster; AAR = Alterations in arousal and reactivity cluster; DAR = dysphoric arousal cluster; AXA = anxious arousal cluster; DYS = dysphoria cluster; EXT = Externalizing cluster; ANH = Anhedonia cluster.