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. 2018 Feb 8;9:583. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02890-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — RFX1 regulates histone modifications and DNA methylation of the IL17A gene. a, b Changes in histone H3 acetylation (a) and H3K9me3 (b) in the promoter of IL17A in normal CD4⁺ T cells transfected with siRNAs (siRNA#1 and siRNA#2) relative to NC were analyzed by ChIP-qPCR. c DNA methylation level of the human IL17A proximal promoter was measured by BSP. d, e Fold-changes of histone H3 acetylation (d) and H3K9me3 (e) in the promoter of IL17A in SLE CD4⁺ T cells transfected with RFX1 expression plasmid (RFX1-over) or empty vector (EV). f DNA methylation level of the human IL17A proximal promoter was measured by BSP. Panels g–l demonstrate the changes in HDAC1 (g, j), SUV39H1 (h, k), and DNMT1 (i, l) enrichment in the promoter of IL17A in normal CD4⁺ T cells transfected with siRNAs (siRNA#1 and siRNA#2) relative to NC or in SLE CD4⁺ T cells transfected with RFX1 expression plasmid (RFX1-over) relative to empty vector (EV). The levels in NC or EV control groups were set to “1”. The fold-changes were calculated by the ratio of RFX1-over or siRNAs to EV or NC. Data are representative of three independent experiments (mean ± s.d.; n = 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, compared with the indicated groups. P-values were determined using two-tailed Student’s t-tests. IL17A-Primer1 shown in Supplementary Table 4 was used for ChIP-qPCR