Fig. 5.

HIF-2α is critical for IL-6-mediated arginase-1 expression and alternative macrophage activation. a Mouse BM-derived macrophages were treated with CSF-1 and IL-6 for 3 days. Nuclei proteins were subjected to multiplex profiling analysis for transcriptional factor activation. Activity was normalized with transcription factor IID, and expressed as the folds of control. b Mouse BM-derived macrophages were transduced with lentivirus that expresses CMV promoter-driven renilla luciferase (CMV-rLuc), hypoxia response element-driven firefly luciferase (HRE-fLuc), and mutated HRE-fLuc (muHRE-fLuc), followed by treatment with CSF-1 and IL-6 for 2 days. Reporter activity radio of fLuc versus rLuc was determined by bioluminescence. Results were expressed as the percentage of muHRE (n = 3, mean ± SEM). P value was determined by Student’s t test. c–e Mouse BM-derived macrophages were transduced with lentivirus that expresses shRNAs targeting control scrambled sequence, HIF-1α (#49 and #52) and HIF-2α (#5 and #7), followed by treatment with CSF-1 and IL-6 for 10 days. c Cells were lysed and subjected to immunoblot analysis. d Arginase-1 mRNA was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Shown are quantified data (normalized with GAPDH expression, n = 3, mean ± SEM). e Cells were stained with anti-CD11b, anti-CD86, and anti-CD206 antibodies, followed by flow cytometry analysis (n = 3, mean ± SEM)