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. 2018 Feb 8;9:570. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02978-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Device performance of perovskite LEDs with different compositions and surface passivation. a Luminance–voltage (L-V) curves of PEA₂(FAPbBr₃)_n-1PbBr₄ with different compositions. b Current efficiency–voltage (CE-V) curves of PEA₂(FAPbBr₃)_n-1PbBr₄ with different compositions. c Luminance–voltage (L-V) curves of PEA₂(FAPbBr₃)_n-1PbBr₄ (n = 3 composition) devices with and without TOPO layer. d Current efficiency–voltage (CE-V) curves of PEA₂(FAPbBr₃)_n-1PbBr₄ (n = 3 composition) devices with and without TOPO layer. e External quantum efficiency (EQE) of the champion device of PEA₂(FAPbBr₃)_n-1PbBr₄ (n = 3 composition) with TOPO passivation layer. f Histogram of maximum EQEs measured from 60 devices