Table 3.
Non-susceptibility patterns of key Gram-negative pathogens
| Number of isolates not susceptible (n)/number tested (N) | Median non-susceptibility rate (IQR) | |
|---|---|---|
| Klebsiella spp | ||
| Penicillin and ampicillin | 45/100 (45%);29 55/57 (96%);26 17/17 (100%; CA and HA);28 53/53 (100%; CA and HA);14 50/50 (100%; CA)27 | 100% (71–100) |
| Gentamicin | 49/100 (49%);29 28/57 (49%);26 25/53 (47%; CA and HA);14 33/50 (66%)27 | 49% (48–58) |
| Ceftriaxone | 25/57 (43%);26 25/50 (50%);27 1/3 (33%)34 | ·· |
| Cefotaxime | 24/50 (48%);26 12/53 (22%; CA);14 8/53 (15%; HA)14 | ·· |
| Ceftazidime | 28/57 (49%);26 11/53 (21%; CA);14 8/53 (15%; HA)14 | ·· |
| Ciprofloxacin | 4/50 (8%);27 0/3 (0%)34 | ·· |
| Chloramphenicol | 10/19 (53%; CA);14 15/34 (44%; HA)14 | ·· |
| Co-trimoxazole | 12/19 (63%; CA);14 32/34 (94%; HA)14 | ·· |
| ESBL-producing proportion | 27/35 (76%; CA);19 93/119 (78%; HA);19 33/40 (83%; HA)36 | ·· |
| Escherichia coli | ||
| Penicillin and ampicillin | 155/310 (50%); 29 32/41 (78%);26 11/13 (85%; HA);14 13/14 (93%);28 148/154 (96%; CA);31 23/24 (96%; CA);14 22/22 (100%)27 |
93% (78–96) |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 6/24 (25%; CA);14 9/13 (69%; HA)14 | ·· |
| Gentamicin | 4/41 (10%);26 62/310 (20%);29 40/142 (28%);31 7/24 (29%; CA);14 6/14 (43%);28 6/13 (46%; HA);14 15/22 (68%)27 |
29% (20–46) |
| Ceftriaxone | 31/310 (10%);29 2/14 (14%);28 7/41 (17%);26 11/22 (50%)27 | 16% (12–34) |
| Cefotaxime | 11/22 (50%)27 | ·· |
| Ceftazidime | 11/22 (50%)27 | ·· |
| Chloramphenicol | 120/155 (78%; CA)31 | ·· |
| Co-trimoxazole | 21/24 (87%; CA);14 10/13 (77%; HA);14 128/142 (90%; CA)31 | ·· |
| ESBL-producing proportion | 9/76 (12%; CA);19 4/19 (22%; HA);19 11/22 (50%);27 23/40 (58%; HA)36 | 36% (17–54) |
| Salmonella spp | ||
| Penicillin and ampicillin | 10/40 (25%);39 10/30 (30%);29 13/27 (48%; CA);14 60/92 (65%);37 8/12 (67%; HA);14 74/103 (72%);40 296/401 (74%);31 107/128 (84%; CA)38 |
66% (39–73) |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 6/30 (20%);29 152/401 (38%);31 95/128 (74%; CA)38 | ·· |
| Gentamicin | 6/30 (20%);29 7/27 (26%; CA);14 38/128 (30%; CA);38 4/12 (33%; HA)14 | 28% (23–32) |
| Co-trimoxazole | 7/40 (18%);39 17/30 (55%);29 13/27 (48%; CA);14 8/12 (67%; HA);14 55/92 (60%);37 264/401 (66%);31 98/128 (77%; CA)38 |
60% (48–67) |
| Tetracycline | 14/128 (11%; CA);38 6/40 (15%)39 | ·· |
| Chloramphenicol | 6/40 (15%);39 6/30 (20%);29 4/27 (15%; CA);14 4/12 (33%; HA);14 216/401 (54%);31 105/128 (82%; CA)38 | 27% (15–54) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0/128 (0%; CA);38 0/129 (0%)32 | ·· |
| Ceftriaxone | 0/128 (0%; CA);38 0/129 (0%)32 | ·· |
| Multidrug-resistant proportion | Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi: 34/133 (33%);40 84/129 (65%);32 non-typhoidal salmonella: 99/129 (77%);32 97/128 (76%);38 101/103 (98%)40 | ·· |
| Shigella spp | ||
| Penicillin and ampicillin | 61/109 (56%)39 | ·· |
| Co-trimoxazole | 92/109 (84%)39 | ·· |
| Tetracycline | 72/109 (66%)39 | ·· |
| Chloramphenicol | 57/109 (52%)39 | ·· |
| Multidrug-resistant proportion | 71/109 (65%)39 | ·· |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b | ||
| Penicillin and ampicillin | 7/14 (50%);48 61/113 (54%);31 6/6 (100%; CA)34 | ·· |
| Chloramphenicol | 56/113 (50%);31 9/10 (90%);48 6/6 (100%; CA)34 | ·· |
| Co-trimoxazole | 26/113 (23%)31 | ·· |
| Acinetobacter spp | ||
| Penicillin and ampicillin | 37/66 (56%);26 0/3 (0%; CA);14 0/9 (0%; HA)14 | ·· |
| Gentamicin | 18/66 (27%);26 2/3 (67%; CA);14 4/9 (44%; HA)14 | ·· |
| Ceftriaxone | 23/66 (35%)26 | ·· |
| Ceftazidime | 2/9 (22%; HA);14 1/3 (33%; CA)14 | ·· |
| Multidrug-resistant proportion | 4/16 (25%; CA);19 49/68 (72%; HA)19 | ·· |
Median and IQR could not be calculated if there were fewer than three papers assessing non-susceptibility rates. CA=community-acquired, where specified in the literature (blank=not specified). HA=hospital-acquired, where specified in the literature (blank=not specified). ESBL=extended-spectrum β-lactamases.