(a) Locations where movement-based studies included in the final dataset were performed. (b) Distribution of empirical dispersal distances defined according to the mean (blue) and maximum (red) dispersal distances and the fitted dispersal distances defined according to the (c) 10th, (d) 20th, (e) 30th, (f) 40th, (g) 50th, (h) 60th, (i) 70th, (j) 80th, (k) 90th and (l) 99th percentiles of the dispersal kernels. The vertical lines indicate the mean values across all species and locations.