Table 2.
Age‐ and sex‐matched and propensity score‐matched multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models hazard ratios of cancer among the hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and nondialysis comparison cohorts during follow‐up
| Age and sex matched | Propensity score matched | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD(N = 4491) | HD(N = 8982) | Comparison(N = 22,455) | PD(N = 3369) | HD(N = 6738) | Comparison(N = 16,845) | |
| Total cancer | 200 (4.5) | 441 (4.9) | 813 (3.6) | 111 (3.3) | 222 (3.3) | 388 (2.3) |
| 1.54 (1.30, 1.82)a | 1.59 (1.39, 1.82)a | 1 | 2.08 (1.68, 2.58)a | 1.82 (1.54, 2.15)a | 1 | |
| Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancer | 7 (0.2) | 26 (0.3) | 69 (0.3) | 4 (0.1) | 18 (0.3) | 21 (0.1) |
| 0.47 (0.21, 1.08) | 0.82 (0.48, 1.39) | 1 | 1.43 (0.49, 4.20) | 2.75 (1.46, 5.19)a | 1 | |
| Esophageal cancer | 4 (0.1) | 4 (0.04) | 22 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.03) | 7 (0.04) |
| 1.09 (0.33, 3.57) | 0.58 (0.19, 1.81) | 1 | 3.19 (0.81, 12.59) | 0.92 (0.19, 4.45) | 1 | |
| Gastric cancer | 7 (0.2) | 19 (0.2) | 57 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 20 (0.1) |
| 0.64 (0.28, 1.48) | 0.91 (0.51, 1.62) | 1 | 1.33 (0.39, 4.53) | 0.68 (0.23, 2.02) | 1 | |
| Colorectal cancer | 22 (0.5) | 61 (0.7) | 141 (0.6) | 12 (0.4) | 29 (0.4) | 84 (0.5) |
| 0.98 (0.60, 1.59) | 1.28 (0.91, 1.82) | 1 | 1.18 (0.64, 2.17) | 1.14 (0.74, 1.74) | 1 | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 35 (0.8) | 89 (1.0) | 129 (0.6) | 13 (0.4) | 22 (0.3) | 36 (0.2) |
| 1.58 (1.06, 2.36)a | 1.48 (1.08, 2.02)a | 1 | 2.88 (1.52, 5.48)a | 2.05 (1.20, 3.50)a | 1 | |
| Gallbladder and bile ducts cancer | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.1) | 18 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.04) | 13 (0.1) |
| NA | 0.68 (0.24, 1.99) | 1 | NA | 0.75 (0.21, 2.66) | 1 | |
| Pancreatic cancer | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.1) | 17 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) |
| NA | 0.83 (0.26, 2.59) | 1 | NA | 1.92 (0.68, 5.40) | 1 | |
| Retroperitoneum and peritoneum cancer | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.01) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| NA | NA | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | |
| Lung cancer | 18 (0.4) | 43 (0.5) | 138 (0.6) | 12 (0.4) | 16 (0.2) | 52 (0.3) |
| 0.84 (0.50, 1.41) | 0.90 (0.62, 1.33) | 1 | 1.88 (0.99, 3.54) | 1.01 (0.57, 1.77) | 1 | |
| Breast cancer (female) | 19 (0.4) | 32 (0.4) | 92 (0.4) | 11 (0.3) | 16 (0.2) | 56 (0.3) |
| 1.35 (0.77, 2.38) | 0.92 (0.57, 1.48) | 1 | 1.25 (0.65, 2.38) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.46) | 1 | |
| Cervical cancer | 6 (0.1) | 14 (0.2) | 33 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 15 (0.1) |
| 0.80 (0.30, 2.11) | 0.89 (0.42, 1.86) | 1 | 1.29 (0.37, 4.45) | 0.97 (0.35, 2.68) | 1 | |
| Prostate cancer | 3 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 37 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.04) | 34 (0.2) |
| 0.53 (0.16, 1.79) | 0.72 (0.31, 1.65) | 1 | 0.59 (0.14, 2.50) | 0.32 (0.10, 1.06) | 1 | |
| Kidney cancer | 3 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | 3 (0.01) | 4 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 6 (0.04) |
| 3.83 (0.66, 22.16) | 10.12 (2.38, 43.0)a | 1 | 4.50 (1.26, 16.04)a | 2.50 (0.76, 8.20) | 1 | |
| Bladder cancer | 51 (1.1) | 83 (0.9) | 26 (0.1) | 26 (0.8) | 70 (1.0) | 13 (0.1) |
| 13.85 (8.19, 23.41)a | 14.04 (8.66, 22.76)a | 1 | 14.53 (7.44, 28.37)a | 17.21 (9.50, 31.16)a | 1 | |
| Extra kidney and bladder urinary tract cancer | 22 (0.5) | 30 (0.3) | 7 (0.03) | 13 (0.4) | 20 (0.3) | 5 (0.03) |
| 26.75 (10.40, 68.81)a | 22.86 (9.43, 55.40)a | 1 | 17.45 (6.20, 49.07)a | 12.26 (4.59, 32.72)a | 1 | |
| Brain cancer | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.1) | 7 (0.03) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| NA | 1.92 (0.48, 7.60) | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | |
| Thyroid cancer | 8 (0.2) | 14 (0.2) | 13 (0.1) | 8 (0.2) | 12 (0.2) | 14 (0.1) |
| 2.86 (1.01, 6.13)a | 2.69 (1.09, 6.62)a | 1 | 3.22 (1.34, 7.76)a | 2.47 (1.14, 5.36)a | 1 | |
| Lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer | 3 (0.1) | 13 (0.1) | 31 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.1) | 16 (0.1) |
| 0.62 (0.18, 2.15) | 1.21 (0.57, 2.54) | 1 | NA | 1.02 (0.37, 2.80) | 1 | |
Data are presented as number of events (percentage of group with event) and adjusted HR (95% CI). Adjustments were made for age, sex, selected comorbidities, and medications.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CRR, Fine and Gray competing‐risk regression; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis.
a
P < 0.05.