Table 1.

NSAIDs that induce tumor suppressing autophagy

NSAIDs/chemotherapeutics	Mechanism of action	Cancer cell line	Animal models	Regulation of autophagy	Author (Refs.)
Celecoxib	Conversion of LC3 from LC3I to LC3II↑cleavage of caspases‐8,‐9, ‐3↑Bid↓	HT‐29HCT116colorectal cancer cells		Enhance	Shengbing et al. 6
Celecoxib	ERS↑LC3‐II	MDA‐MB‐231MDA‐MB‐468Hs578t T47D JCBreast cancer cells	MCF‐7MDA‐MB‐468	Enhance	Simmy et al. 15
Celecoxib/γ‐irradiation	LC3‐II ↑GADD153/CHOP GRP78/BiP ↑P21Waf1 P27Kip1↑ P53↓	U87MGU251MGGL261malignant glioma cells		Enhance	Kenshi et al. 36
Celecoxib/CPT‐11	mTOR↑LC3‐II↑		TNB9TS‐N‐2nu	Enhance	Setsuko et al. 11
Celecoxib/MDR	HGF/MET↓Bcl‐2 mTOR↓TGFb1,p16INK4b, P21Cip1 P27Kip1↑	PLC/PRF/5P5		Enhance	Roberto et al. 66
Celecoxib	p53 p21↑LC3‐II↑DNA synthesis↓	U87MGU87MG‐E6LN229		Enhance	Khong et al. 37
Celecoxib/Sildenafil	Beclin1↓Atg5↓	GBM5/6/12/14		Enhance	Laurence et al. 85
Celecoxib	P‐Akt↓ caspase‐8 ‐9↑procaspase‐8 ‐9↓	SGC‐7901		Enhance	MIN et al. 18
Celecoxib	LC3 II↑ LC3‐I↑P62↓ JNK↑	PC3		Enhance	Xin et al. 86
Sodium Salicylate	GD‐induced CuZnSOD↓HMGB↓ ROS production↓	A549		Enhance	Sung‐chul et al. 87
Aspirin	mTOR↓ AKT↓AMPK↑phosphorylation of S6K1,S6↓	RKOSW480HCT116		Enhance	Farhat et al. 62
Aspirin	p‐mTOR↓HIF‐1α↓VEGF‐A↓ULK1↑ LC3A↑		H22S180	Enhance	Qianqian et al. 65
Sulfasalazine	LC3‐II↑Atg5‐12↑p‐Akt↓ p‐ERK↑	HSC‐4		Enhance	Hye‐Yeon et al. 13
Sulfasalazine	NF‐κB↓P62↓	U251		Enhance	Jing et al. 88
Piroxicam/carboplatin	Vacuoles↑	T245637		Enhance	JéSSICA et al. 89
Indomethacin	Smad7↓	RGM1		Enhance	Ho‐Jae et al. 10
OSU‐03012	ERK1/2↓Atg5↑ROS accumulation↑cleaved LC3↑	Huh7Hep3BHepG2	Huh7	Enhance	Gao et al. 28
OSU‐03012	AKT↓ERK1/2↓	GBM12		Enhance	Laurence et al. 85