(A–G) Mice were injected with indicated dosages of digoxin or vehicle, followed by LPS/D-GalN 1h later and examination after a further 6 h.
(A–B) Dose-dependent reduction of hemorrhage, cellular necrosis, neutrophilic infiltrate and serum alanine transaminase in digoxin treated animals.
(C–E) Reduced mRNA levels of inflammatory genes in liver tissues by digoxin as measured by qRT-PCR.
(F) Reduced serum levels of IL-1β protein by digoxin as measured by ELISA.
(G) Reduced protein expression level of HIF-1α, caspase-1 (P10), and pro IL-1β genes by digoxin in liver as measured by western blot
Data represent mean ± SD (n=5). *p <0.05, **p<0.01. Scale bar, 100 μm.