(A–H) Mice were fed with HFD for 5 weeks, and then given intraperitoneal injection of digoxin (1 mg/kg) or vehicle twice a week with continued HFD feeding for a total of 12 weeks.
(A) Digoxin reduces HFD-induced hepatic steatosis from histological analysis by H & E stained sections. (B) Digoxin reduces HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation as scored quantitatively from H & E stained sections. (C) Reduced liver neutrophil, and (D) monocyte infiltration by digoxin in HFD as measured by Ly6G/CD11b and Ly6C/CD11b positive cells in non-parenchymal cell populations using flow cytometry.
(E) Digoxin reduces HFD-induced hepatocellular damage as measured by the serum ALT.
(F–G) Digoxin attenuates hepatic steatosis as measured by oil red staining with quantification.
(H) Digoxin reduces liver TG content as measured by chemical analysis.
All data throughout the figure are shown as the mean ± SD from 4–5 mice in each group.
*p <0.05, **p<0.01.