Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the female group
| AD[−DM] | AD[+DM] | DrD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects, n | 63 | 47 | 18 |
| Age, years | 82.1±5.2 | 82.2±5.7 | 84.1±4.8 |
| Duration of dementia, years | 3.2±1.0 | 3.4±0.8 | 3.3±1.3 |
| Education, years | 11.9±2.3 | 11.4±2.3 | 11.1±3.1 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.7±0.3 | 6.9±1.1** | 7.3±1.0**, # |
| Long duration of diabetes (≥15 years), n (%) | - | 12 (25) | 6 (33) |
| Insulin therapy, n (%) | - | 6 (13) | 7 (39)# |
| MMSE score | 20.6±3.8 | 21.0±3.6 | 22.1±3.4 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.3±0.5 | 2.3±0.4** | 2.2±0.5** |
| Body mass index | 22.0±3.3 | 22.5±4.0 | 24.6±3.0*, # |
Values are presented as the mean ± SD unless specified otherwise. AD, Alzheimer disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; AD[−DM], probable AD without DM; AD[+DM], probable AD with DM; DrD, diabetes-related dementia; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
*
p < 0.01
**
p < 0.0001 compared with AD[–DM]
#
p < 0.05 compared with AD[+DM].