Table 1.

Potential molecular targets to restore proteostasis during hyperammonemic stress response

Target ammonia
Decrease ammoniagenesis: Gut microbiome, bind ammonia
Ammonia uptake: Ammonia transporters (RhBG protein)
Ammonia metabolism: branched chain amino acids, branched chain keto-analogs, cell permeable TCA cycle Intermediates
Restore proteostasis
Myostatin	Follistatin, myostatin antagonists
mTORC1	L-leucine
Mitochondrial protection	Antioxidants, mitochondrial substrates
Autophagy	Exercise, L-leucine
Putative targets	ribosomes, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum