CdhR binds but does not regulate cbcXWV expression. (A) EMSA with a biotin-labeled (biot-) cbcX upstream region and purified MBP-CdhR in increasing concentrations. (B) Relative expression of cbcX was calculated based on the expression in WT pyruvate normalized to the rplU transcript using qRT-PCR. Three biological samples were run in triplicate, and the graph represents the mean values and standard deviation. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s multiple comparison posttest comparing all strains and conditions to each other. Ends of the bars denote the comparison groups shown. Abbreviations: Pyr, pyruvate; Carn, carnitine; n.s., not significant; ***, P < 0.001.