Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Mood Characteristics: Combined PD Cohorts and Controls.
| Variables | Combined PD-RBD (A) | Combined PD-nRBD (B) | Controls (C) | p value; post hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 53) | (n = 40) | (n = 69) | ||
| Sex men, n (%) | 40 (75) | 21 (53) | 38 (55) | .03; A > B*, A > C* |
| Age, years | 68.0 ± 8.4 | 63.2 ± 8.5 | 63.3 ± 10.3 | .01; A > B*, A > C** |
| Education, years | 14.5 ± 3.9 | 15.1 ± 3.0 | 14.5 ± 2.8 | ns |
| RBD duration, years | 4.1 ± 3.5 | — | — | — |
| PD duration since diagnosis, years | 6.1 ± 4.5 | 6.1 ± 4.3 | — | ns |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | — | ns |
| UPDRS part III “on” | 23.1 ± 9.5 | 20.3 ± 9.8 | — | ns |
| REM tonic EMG, % | 61.3 ± 34.3 | 17.1 ± 23.9 | — | .000 |
| REM phasic EMG, % | 31.6 ± 20.9 | 14.3 ± 12.1 | — | .000 |
| Levodopa equivalent dosage, mg | 492.2 ± 402.3 | 383.7 ± 283.3 | — | ns |
| Levodopa use, n (%) | 42 (79) | 32 (80) | — | ns |
| Dopamine agonist use, n (%) | 25 (46) | 28 (78) | — | .004 |
| Antidepressant use, n (%) | 10 (19) | 7 (19) | — | ns |
| Antianxiolitic use, n (%) | 19 (35) | 7 (19) | — | ns |
| ISI scores | 11.6 ± 6.2 | 10.8 ± 7.8 | 6.6 ± 4.4 | .001; A > C***, B > C** |
| ESS scores | 9.3 ± 4.9 | 9.5 ± 4.9 | 6.9 ± 4.0 | .008; A > C*, B > C* |
| BDI-II scores | 10.9 ± 5.8 | 10.7 ± 7.5 | 5.9 ± 5.7 | .000; A > C***, B > C*** |
| BAI scores | 11.4 ± 8.7 | 9.6 ± 6.3 | 5.4 ± 5.4 | .001; A > C***, B > C* |
| MMSE scores | 28.0 ± 1.9 | 29.2 ± 0.9 | 29.3 ± 1.1 | .000; A < B***, A < C*** |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory second edition; EMG = electromyography; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; ns = not significant; PD = Parkinson’s disease; PD-RBD = PD with RBD; PD-nRBD = PD without RBD; RBD = REM sleep behavior disorder; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.
***p < .001; ** = p < .01; * = p < .05.