Phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA D-loop sequences (309 bp from 15469-15777 with NC001640 from GenBank as reference) within 161 haplotypes (64 Kabardian, 20 Buryat, 9 Kirghiz, 50 Mongolian, 13 Transbaikalian, 22 Tuvinian). From GenBank, 40 additonal sequences – framed with thick black lines – were used for identification of haplogroup cluster (letters) after Achilli et al. (2012).