Table 1.

Overview of the literature on assessment of interictal HFOs in scalp EEG

Authors	Patients	Epilepsy type	N	Method	Investigated frequency band			Application
					Gamma	Ripples	FR
					Kobayashi et al. (2010)14	Children	ESES		10	Time frequency plot and visual		X		Proof-of-principle study
Kobayashi et al. (2011)61	Children	BCECTS, PS	32	Time frequency plot and visual		X		Prognosis
Andrade-Valenca et al. (2011)15	Adults	Focal epilepsy	15	Visual	X	X		SOZ identification: accuracy for gamma, 70%; accuracy for ripples, 81%
Melani et al. (2013)66	Adults	Focal epilepsy	32	Visual	X	X		Correlation between IED and gamma and ripple rates
Fahoum et al. (2014)67	Adults	Focal epilepsy	22	Visual	X	X		Relationship with BOLD response
Kobayashi et al. (2015)55	Children	West syndrome	17	Time frequency plot and visual	X	X		Therapy response under ACTH treatment
Chaitanya et al. (2015)74	Children	Absence epilepsy	9	ICA, time frequency analysis		X		Identification of HFOs
Toda et al. (2015)75	Newborns	Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy	6	Time frequency analysis		X		Presence of HFOs during the suppression-burst EEG patterns
van Klink et al. (2016)28	Adults	Focal epilepsy	31	Visual		X		Relationship between ripples and IEDs
van Klink et al. (2016)56	Children	Rolandic epilepsy	22	Visual		X		Prognosis, disease severity
Pizzo et al. (2016)65	Adults	GGE and focal epilepsy	17	Visual		X		Differential diagnosis
Pizzo et al. (2016)68	Adults	Focal epilepsy	10	Visual			X	Proof-of-principle
Quian et al. (2016)57	Children	Atypical benign partial epilepsy	14	Visual		X		Severity, treatment response

ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; BCECTS, benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes; BOLD, blood oxygenation level–dependent; EEG, electroencephalography; ESES, electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep; FR, fast ripples; GGE, genetic generalized epilepsy; HFO, high-frequency oscillation; ICA, independent component analysis; IED, interictal epileptiform discharges; PS, Panayiotopoulos syndrome; SOZ, seizure-onset zone.