Table 1.
Participant demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | Patients (n=170) | Controls (n=98) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n | n | (%) | |
|
| ||||
| Male** | 114 | 67% | 47 | 48% |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 76 | 45% | 43 | 44% |
| African American | 94 | 55% | 55 | 56% |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 35 | 21% | 18 | 18% |
| Non-Hispanic | 135 | 79% | 80 | 82% |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Schizophrenia | 92 | 54% | ||
| Schizoaffective | 78 | 46% | ||
| Medication type a | ||||
| Typical | 25 | 15% | ||
| Atypical | 117 | 69% | ||
| Combination | 3 | 2% | ||
|
| ||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
|
| ||||
| Age (years) | 42.21 | 12.40 | 39.70 | 13.70 |
| Education (years)** | 12.66 | 2.14 | 13.33 | 1.62 |
| Maternal Education (years) b | 12.48 | 3.26 | 13.13 | 2.55 |
| Paternal Education (years) c | 12.76 | 3.73 | 13.34 | 2.51 |
| WRAT-3 | 93.31 | 15.92 | 95.08 | 13.37 |
| PANSS | ||||
| Positive Total | 16.15 | 5.84 | ||
| Negative Total | 13.80 | 5.38 | ||
| General Total | 30.88 | 8.08 | ||
| MCCBd | ||||
| Trails A (seconds)** | 41.23 | 18.98 | 31.17 | 12.82 |
| Symbol Coding** | 42.27 | 11.76 | 53.28 | 13.94 |
| Animal Naming** | 18.52 | 5.14 | 21.97 | 6.39 |
| Letter-Number Span** | 11.23 | 4.08 | 13.81 | 3.89 |
| HVLT-R** | 20.14 | 5.39 | 24.86 | 4.54 |
**
p<.01
a
Nineteen individuals were not taking antipsychotic medications, and medication information was missing for 6 individuals.
b
Information was missing for 9 controls and 42 patients.
c
Information was missing for 20 controls and 65 patients.
d
Raw scores are provided for each test.