Table 1.
Above is a list of materials tested for a MR/CT‐visible STE phantom. As displayed in the second column, testing materials were grouped as: plastic, synthetic gelatin, hydrocarbon, urethane, epoxy, silicone, and nylon‐based materials. These material's HU were measured from a GE LightSpeed CT Simulator and are displayed in the third column. The materials were also imaged on a Siemen's Magnetom Espree 1.5 MR scanner using T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences. The fourth and fifth columns display whether the materials could visually be distinguished in T1‐ and T2‐weighted images, respectively. Materials were visualized on a both T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences, and also shared reasonable HUs for either tumor, soft tissue, and lung materials were then dosimetrically tested. The last column displays whether or not a material was tested dosimetrically. If the material was tested dosimetrically, the final column displays if it was considered STE
| Testing material | Material type | HU | T1‐visible | T2‐ visible | Tissue equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Superflaba | Plastic | 59.9 | Y | Y | Y |
| SuperStuffa | Plastic | 65.2 | Y | Y | – |
| 100% liquid PVC plasticb | Plastic | −10.4 | Y | Y | Y |
| 100% super soft PVC plasticb | Plastic | 3.70 | Y | Y | – |
| 90% liquid PVC plastic and 10% plastic softener mixb | Plastic | 15.7 | Y | Y | – |
| 100% plastic hardenerb | Plastic | 32.0 | Y | N | – |
| 75% plastic hardener and 25% plastic softener Mixb | Plastic | 21.9 | Y | Y | – |
| 75% Super soft plastic and 25% softener mixb | Plastic | −29.7 | Y | Y | – |
| 75% liquid PVC plastic and 25% plastic softener mixb | Plastic | −6.5 | Y | Y | – |
| Gel #10c | Synthetic gelatin | −170 | Y | Y | – |
| Gel #20c | Synthetic gelatin | −164 | Y | Y | Y |
| Gel #1c | Synthetic gelatin | −169 | Y | Y | – |
| Gel #2c | Synthetic gelatin | −172 | Y | Y | – |
| Gel #3c | Synthetic gelatin | −171 | Y | Y | Y |
| Gel #4c | Synthetic gelatin | −175 | Y | Y | – |
| Multiwaxh | Hydrocarbon | −156 | N | N | – |
| Petroleum jellyh | Hydrocarbon | −154 | Y | Y | – |
| 91.7% petroleum jelly and 8.3% Styrofoam ball Mixi | In‐House hydrocarbon mix | −593 | Y | Y | Y |
| 95% petroleum jelly and 5% styrofoam ball Mixi | In‐House hydrocarbon mix | −667 | Y | Y | – |
| Dragon skin 10g | Silicone | 262 | Y | Y | – |
| Dragon skin 30g | Silicone | 294 | Y | Y | N |
| Dragon skin FX‐Prog | Silicone | 231 | Y | Y | – |
| Eco flex 00‐10g | Silicone | 202 | Y | Y | – |
| EcoFlex 00‐30g | Silicone | 185 | Y | Y | – |
| EcoFlex 00‐50g | Silicone | 203 | Y | Y | N |
| PlatSil® Gel 00d | Silicone | 275 | Y | Y | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 10d | Silicone | 319 | Y | Y | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 25d | Silicone | 290 | Y | N | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 00 + H (10:10:10)d , j | In‐House silicone mix | −978 | Y | Y | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 10 + H (10:10:10)d , j | In‐house Silicone Mix | −970 | Y | Y | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 25 + H (10:10:10)d , j | In‐house silicone mix | −972 | Y | N | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 25 (20:20:0.5)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −117 | Y | N | – |
| PlatSil® Gel‐00/styrofoam ball mix (20 g:20 g:1 g)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −510 | Y | Y | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 25 (20:20:1)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −358 | Y | N | – |
| PlatSil® Gel‐00/styrofoam ball mix (20 g:20 g:1.5 g)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −406 | Y | Y | N |
| PlatSil® Gel 25 (20:20:1.5)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −470 | Y | N | – |
| PlatSil® Gel 25 (20:20:2)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −494 | Y | N | – |
| PlatSil® Gel‐00/Styrofoam ball mix (10 g:10 g:1 g)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −655 | Y | Y | – |
| PlatSil® Gel‐00/Styrofoam ball mix (40 g:40 g:1 g)d , i | In‐house silicone mix | −350 | Y | Y | N |
| Nycast ® 6PA‐ Bluee | Nylon | 161 | N | N | – |
| Nycast ® 6PA‐ MoS2 fillede | Nylon | 94.2 | N | N | – |
| Nycast ® 6PA‐Orangee | Nylon | 99.2 | N | N | – |
| Nycast CPe | Nylon | 82.7 | N | N | – |
| Nycast Rxe | Nylon | 90.9 | N | N | – |
| Nylon Nyloile | Nylon | 94.2 | N | N | – |
| EP 30f | Epoxy | 72.9 | N | N | – |
| EP424Tf | Epoxy | 63.0 | N | N | – |
| PMC ® 121/30g | Urethane | −10.5 | Y | N | – |
| PMC ® 744g | Urethane | −2.90 | N | N | – |
| PMC ® 746g | Urethane | −11.0 | N | N | – |
| PMC ® 770g | Urethane | 78.0 | N | N | – |
| PMC ® 790g | Urethane | 66.1 | N | N | – |
| ReoFlex ® 20g | Urethane | −19.5 | Y | N | ‐ |
| ReoFlex ® 30g | Urethane | −45.0 | Y | N | ‐ |
| Simpact® 85 Ag | Urethane | 66.0 | N | N | ‐ |
| Simpact® 60 Ag | Urethane | 71.6 | N | N | ‐ |
| VytalFlex® 10g | Urethane | −9.0 | N | N | ‐ |
| VytalFlex® 20g | Urethane | −18.3 | Y | N | ‐ |
| VytalFlex® 30g | Urethane | −27.0 | Y | N | ‐ |
Radiation Products Design Incorporation, Albertville, MN, USA.
M‐F Manufacturing Company, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Clear Ballistics, Fort Smith, AR, USA.
Polytek® Development Corporation, Easton, PA, USA.
Cast Nylons Limited, Willoughby, OH, USA.
MasterBond, Hackensack, NJ, USA.
Smooth‐On Inc., Macungie, PA, USA.
Sonneborn, Parsippany, NJ, USA.
In‐house mixture that used % weight of Styrofoam balls from Steve Spangler Science Styrofoam Beads, Englewood, CO, USA.
PlatSil (R) Part H Hardener by Polytek (R) Development Corporation, Easton, PA, USA.