Table 1.

Patient and procedural characteristics

Demographics (% of patients)	Control (n = 11)	Arginine (n = 11)	t-test/chi square
Gender
Female (%)	36.4	27.3	ns
Male (%)	63.6	72.7
Race
African American (%)	9.1	9.1	ns
Asian (%)	27.3	0.0	ns
Caucasian (%)	45.4	63.6	ns
Unknown (%)	18.2	27.3	ns
Ethnicity (% Hispanic/Latino)	18.2	18.2	ns
Age (year; mean±SD)	47.7±12.9	61.8±7.9	−3.08**
Body mass index (kg/m2; mean±SD)	24.8±5.4	28.7±3.3	ns
Diagnosis (% of patients)
Malignancy (%)	63.6	81.8	ns
Colon Carcinoma (%)	27.3	36.4
Rectal Carcinoma (%)	36.4	45.5
Non-cancerous conditions (%)	36.4	18.2	ns
Diverticulitis/colitis	27.2	18.2
Partial obstruction	9.1	0.0
History of chemo-radiation >1 month (%)	27.3	27.3	ns
Surgical procedure (% of patients)
Segmental colectomy (%)	36.4	45.5	ns
Proctectomy (%)	45.5	54.5	ns
Small bowel operations (%)	18.2	0.0	ns
Laparoscopic (%)	63.6	81.8	ns
Open (%)	36.4	18.2	ns
Stoma (%)	36.4	45.5	ns
Surgical and anesthetic parameters
Patient ASA class (median; range)	2 (2–3)	3 (2–3)	ns
Surgery Duration (min; mean±SD)	183±101	159±59	ns
Anesthesia Duration (min; mean±SD)	228±100	208±56	ns
Blood loss (ml; mean±SD)	81±61	82±60	ns
Urine output (ml; mean±SD)	239±143	269±162	ns
Fluids
Crystalloids (ml; mean±SD)	1160±425	1261±307	ns
Colloids (ml; mean±SD)	100±211	73±168	ns
Blood products (ml; mean±SD)	0	0	ns
Postoperative complications1 (% of patients)
Any complication (%)	54.5	27.3	ns
Grade 1	0.0	9.1
Grade 2	27.3	0.0
Grade 3	27.3	18.2
Grade 4	0.0	0.0
Grade 5	0.0	0.0
Infection (%)	36.4	18.2	ns
Abscess	9.1	18.2
Wound	18.2	0.0
Pouch	9.1	0.0

^**p = 0.007

¹Clavien-Dindo classification: Grade 1 = minor deteriorations without need of specific treatment, grade 2: treatment with drugs, blood transfusion, or physiotherapy, grade 3: require interventional or operative treatment, grade 4 = life-threatening requiring management in intensive care unit management, grade 5 = death