Fig. 6.

Stimuli-responsive color change actuator. a Schematic illustration of the cross-sectional structure of the stimuli-responsive color change actuator, and SEM images of a colloidal crystal layer. b Schematic illustration and photograph of the stimuli-responsive color change actuator. The composite film exhibited a range of bending deformity and changed color with an increase in relative humidity. c Measured angle-resolved specular reflection of the color change actuator. In the specular reflection measurements, the incident light is normal to the sample surface. d The color coordinates were calculated and displayed (black symbols) on a CIE-1931 color space chromaticity diagram. e A smart flower fabricated by stimuli-responsive color change actuator, which can change its shape and color depending on the humidity