Table 4.
Recommended reference genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Coleoptera.
| Species | Biotic Conditions | Abiotic Conditions | Others | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dev. Stage* | Tissue | Sex | Temperature | Photoperiod | RNAi | ||
| Coccinellidae | |||||||
| Harmonia axyridis (this study) | 18S, HSP70, 28S | 28S, 18S, Rp49/RpL32 | HSP90, Rp49/RpL32, HSP70 | 18S, 28S, GAPDH | 18S, 28S, HSP90 | Rp49/RpL32, ATP1A1, 28S | |
| Hippodamia convergens45 | 28S, EF1A, CypA | GAPDH, 28S, CypA | GAPDH, CypA, 28S | EF1A, 28S, ATP6V1A | CypA, GAPDH, ATP6V1A | CpyA, Actin, GAPDH | |
| Coleomegilla maculate46 | ATP6V1A, RPS18, EF1A | NA** | 16S, HSP70, RpS18 | 18S, TUBA, 12S | NA | 18S, 16S, 12S | |
| Coccinella septempunctata47 | 16S, 28S, NADH | 28S, 16S, 18S | NA | NA | NA | ACTB, TUBA, EF1A | |
| Chrysomelidae | |||||||
| Diabrotica virgifera virgifera57 | ACTB, EF1A, RpS9 | EF1A, GAPDH, TUBB | NA | NA | NA | RpS9, EF1A, GAPDH |
EF1A, GAPDH, TUBB
(Bt) |
| Leptinotarsa decemlineata58 | RP18, ARF1, RP4 | RP18, ARF1, RP4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | RP18, RP4, ARF1 (Insecticide) |
| Galeruca daurica59 | SDHA, Rp49/RpL32, GST | SDHA, TUBA, Rp49/RpL32 | ACTB, TUBA, SDHA | SDHA, TUBA, ACTB | NA | NA | SDHA, TUBA, GAPDH (Diapause) |
| Cerambycidae | |||||||
| Anoplophora glabripennis60 | NA | Rp49/RpL32, GAPDH, SDF (Adults) | NA | NA | NA | NA | GAPDH, UBQ, Rp49/RpL32 (Larvae) |
| Tenebrionidae | |||||||
| Tribolium castaneum61,62 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
RPS3, RPS18, RPL13a (Fungus) RpL13A, RpS3, ACTB (UV) |
| Meloidae | |||||||
| Mylabris cichorii63 | NA | NA | TAF5, UBE3A, RPL22e (Male) | NA | NA | NA | UBE3A, RPL22e, TAF5 (Female) |
*Developmental stages.
**Not Applicable. Please note that the abbreviation of gene names may differ among the cited references.