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. 2018 Feb 5;9:68. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00068

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Copyright © 2018 Han, Kee and Hong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rosmarinic acid (RA) reduces the migration, invasion, and adhesion of CRC cells and inhibits the expression of related factors. (A) Invasion assay (upper), wound healing assay (middle), and adhesion assay (lower) of RA-treated CT26 and HCT116 cells. After treatment of RA for 48 h in CT26 cells and 24 h in HCT116 cells, the images were collected by using a microscope (200×, 100×, and 100×, respectively). (B) The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by gelatin zymography in CT26 cells treated with RA for 48 h and HCT116 cells treated with RA for 24 h. (C,D) The mRNA expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, ICAM-1, and Integrin β1 in CT26 cells treated with RA for 48 h (C), and HCT116 cells treated with RA for 24 h (D). The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^∗p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference from the untreated group.