Table 3.

Characteristics of PER from literature review

No	Organizational context	Geographic context	Services and facilities	Processes and procedures	Service usage	Health Care System	Staff
1	General public hospital	Massachusetts	Walk-in clinic, admitted on unselected basis	Brief but thorough evaluation of psychiatric, social, and general medical conditions, follow up after discharge by other psychiatric facilities within hospital or by community agencies	NM	NM	NM
2	Home visiting team belong to general public hospital	NM	Mobile component of a 24 h a day	9-passenger station wagon with mobile telephone and pager system; description of primary and secondary goal; if protective environment needed court or voluntary commitment in accordance with law	Description of process, phone call, weapon involvement, police, reflection over violence and injury, description of intervention	NM	A psychiatric corpsman (trained by the navy) and a registered psychiatric nurse
3	University hospital	Dallas	24 h a day	Psychiatric interview record	NM	NM	Psychiatrist or psychiatric resident, a registered nurse, a clerk, and clinical psychology interns and medical students at specified times, under supervision
4	General hospital	Ottawa, catchment area 700.000	40 beds for psychiatry	Clinical assessment follows the guidelines of the initial evaluation form	NM	NM	NM
5	5 general hospitals, 1 private psychiatric hospital, 1 not affiliated with a hospital	7 PER in Philadelphia, in 5 different areas	24 h a day, provide 85% of PE care in the city	NM	NM	NM	NM
6	General hospital	Massachusetts	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM
7	NM	Portland	NM	NM	NM	NM	Nurse or resident daytime consultation Monday–Friday; otherwise, on-call resident
8	University hospital	Pittsburgh; socioeconomic status of pop varies	24 h a day; specialized sections	NM	NM	NM	NM
9	General public hospital	Metropolitan region of 2,000,000 inhabitants	24 h a day		Number of visits and admissions per year	NM	Mainly nurses, psychiatric residents, social workers
10	General public hospital	4 PER in large cities in Belgium	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM
11	NM	City with 100,000 inhabitants Catchment: university and industrial town	24 h a day service	NM	NM	NM	NM
12	NM	A: Catchment: part of central city Copenhagen, 2.5 km from PER, population density B: Catchment area: university and industrial town of Oulu, 30 km from PER, population density	Open referral system, 24 h day	NM	NM	A, B: socialized health care system	NM
13	NM	7 PER in San Francisco Bay area	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM
14	University hospital	City with 950,000 inhabitants, 82% African American	Does not provide crisis residential services	NM	Number of hospital admissions per year	NM	Psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, nurses, social workers, mental health technicians
15	See 13
16	NM	Located in disadvantaged areas in 10 largest cities in US; 82% African American	24 h a day	Part of hospital but not connected to MER	Number of visits per year	NM	Psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, nurses, social workers, mental health technicians
17	University hospital	City of Leuven with 100,000 inhabitants; catchment area of hospital 250,000 people; only hospital with PER	Comprehensive assessment and treatment and disposition plan for each patient; follow-up service	PER program started 1999, automatic enrollment; provides a full range of emergency evaluation, intervention, referral and disposition services for adults in crisis; programs philosophy	NM	Public health care; universal health insurance covering mental health and substance abuse treatment	PER team: 1 supervisor, 2 residents, 1 psychologist, 4 licensed nurses
18	NM	Seattle	24 h a day	NM	Number of visits per year	NM	Psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, nurse practitioners, nurses, social workers
19	General public hospital	City Brussels with 950.000 inhabitants	Special treatment units in total 120 beds, 6 for short-term stays	unrealistic to expect PER to use DSM-IV thoroughly	Number of visits to hospital and PER per year		NM
20	University hospital	A, B: Montreal C, D: Canadian city	C: no observation area	Number of persons served doubled within 2 years		NM	Specialized nurses and psychiatric staff on weekdays; evenings and weekends covered by regular staff, psychiatrists, or psychiatric residents (on call)
21	University hospital	Montreal	NM	NM	Number of visits per year	NM	NM
22	University hospital	Metropolitan region, state and surrounding community	NM	Evaluation by psychiatric residents, no overnight coverage, all evaluations by PR were discussed with child psychiatry attending physician during and before final disposition	Number of visits per year	NM	Psychiatric residents on call daily 8 am – 11 pm,
23	University hospitals	4 PER A: Montreal, catchment area doubled to 180,000 B: Montreal C and D: Kingston (city and metro), no catchment	A: self-contained, secure unit, short-stay observation beds B: no prior medical triage, walk-in clinic, self-contained, secure unit, short-term observation beds, catchment stable C and D: city population increased by 4%; metro population by 10%	NM	NM	NM	NM
24	University hospital	Marseille, 1,000,000 people; description of region	NM	NM	NM	NM	NM
25	University hospital	Detroit	Open access; no formal referral needed; 10 beds short-term stays	NM	Number of visits per year	NM	Study population was staff, but no description beyond study population
26	University hospital	Aarhus, Caucasian, low-wage, highly educated inhabitants	Open access 24 h a day, beds available for short-term stays	NM	Number of visits and hospital admissions per year; self-referral	Public financed by taxes; visit without any charge	Staff is specialized, only works at PER, staff at PER has increased; shifts
27	University hospital	Geneva; catchment of 700,000 located on border	24 h a day	Evaluations and interventions, hospitalization or referral to outpatient service, private psychiatrists, or GP. Initial screening by primary nurse via clinical interview to determine if further in-depth medical or psychiatric. Assessment is needed; description of evaluation	NM	NM	Multidisciplinary team of psychiatrists, nurses, administration staff
28	NM	Busy urban Boston	Different sections	NM	NM	NM	NM
29	University medical center	Large urban New York	NM	NM	Number of visits per year	NM	NM

NM not mentioned